Answer To: GMA 335 – MARITIME CALIFORNIA Fall 2020 TERM PAEPR: OPEN TOPIC IN MARITIME CALIFORNIA Policies,...
Nishtha answered on Sep 19 2021
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Title: Coastal Development Policy of Ocean and Marine Rules in California-- With Marine Environment Reference
TERM PAEPR: OPEN TOPIC IN MARITIME CALIFORNIA
Policies, Institutions, or Issue Areas
Contents
Historic Evolution 3
Contemporary Structure of Coastal Development Polices 4
Challenges of Coastal Development Policy 6
Recommended Actions 9
Works Cited 12
Historic Evolution
One of the most important natural features of the United State is California's coast. It spans about 1,100 miles through Oregon to the Mexican border, which includes around nine offshore islands about 287 miles of shoreline. In the history of California, this great coastline plays a central role. Many of the indigenous population of California worked and lived along the sea. Expeditions and settlers, merchant seamen and gold hunters and therefore a steady stream of settlers from all around the world, reached California from the coast started in the sixteenth century.
More than two-thirds of the population of this country actually lives across its coast. The California coast was under tremendous construction stress in the 1960s and 70s and open participation to the coastline was limited. In 1965, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) was formed by the state of California to regulate landfill activities in San Francisco Bay, which had decreased the size of the open bay by almost one-third between 1850 and 1961.
In leading to complaints raised by neighborhood groups and national-level proposals to implement a federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), the people, amid excellently funded resistance, approved Propositions 20, the California Coastal Zone Protection Act of 1972, including over 55% of the vote. The legal boundary of the coastal zone portion of the Pacific Ocean on the coast's open side flank is the line indicated on maps listed in Stats. On the sea side, the coastal area boundaries is the maritime boundary of the state of California found in Article 12 of the 1849 California Constitution, strengthened by Government Code § 170, which specifies the state limit of California.
Furthermore, in 1977 the law enacted the Suisun Marsh Protection Act, adding 55,000 acres of salt marshes, tidelands, temporary wetlands, lowland and upland grasslands and agricultural areas and 30,000 acres of compartments and sloughs together under control of BCDC's coastal region. Furthermore, for special planning projects specific geographic coastal areas of the state are established. Monterey Bay Sanctuary, for instance, provides an administrative overlay inside the sanctuary area on practices of regional land use management.
The Morro Bay Management Plan is being implemented by the California EPA. The plan provides guidelines for the preservation and improvement of all facets of the river’s wellbeing, including scientific research needs and future updates to the program. In a similar way, the Santa Monica Bay Conservation Commission is involved in a number of initiatives to enhance the watershed environment of Santa Monica Bay (California Ocean Protection Council, 2020).
Contemporary Structure of Coastal Development Polices
General policies, which direct the creation of all local coastal programs, have been established by the Coastal Commission. The following are included in the policies:
Preserving public access and viewpoints, development restrictions-
This policy ensures that each proposal aims to preserve and improve public access to the coast. This includes consideration and preservation of the scenic and visual attributes of coastal regions. New residential, industrial construction or commercial is needed to be situated adjacent to, or in close vicinity to, established developed regions that are capable of accommodating it, or where there would be no major adverse effects on environmental communities.
Recreational Opportunities –
Public leisure programs in the marine and beachfront areas should be sponsor by the plans. For leisure use and growth, oceanfront land suitable for recreation needs to be protected. For this reason ocean, front land appropriate for coastal-based aquaculture shall be covered.
Marine Environment –
The preservation, improvement and conservation of marine resources should be done, where possible. Special support is given to areas and animals of specific biological or economic importance. It restricts the capacity to replace dikes or dredge accessible coastal waters, waterways, estuaries and lakes, in which other laws apply, with the exception of port, energy and coastal-dependent industrial facilities with commercial fishermen facilities included. These policies safeguard facilities that...