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Running Head: IMMIGRATION 1
Immigration: Economic Boon or Economic Evil?
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IMMIGRATION 2

Immigration: Economic Boon or
Economic Evil?
Abstract
Immigration is the act of movement of people between countries permanently. It’s a civil
right that we have to ensure freedom, here freedom of movement. People can move to other
countries in search of better opportunities in their careers and in their lives. Some may seek
growth in business, others, better education, while many others may want a safer and more
fruitful life with better human rights. Some may immigrate just to get a new living, new
experiences and more exposure to their lives outside their nation’s boundaries. Some people
might immigrate for personal reasons like marriage, family relocation or any other family.
Immigration offers benefits for both the country of origin as well as the country where people
migrate. Similarly, immigration has the disadvantages also for both the countries. Immigration
provides the benefits of cultural exchange; give new avenues in the fields of education and
career, helps in economic growth and better distribution of population. At the same time,
immigration creates population imbalance as some cities attract more number of people as
compared to others; it is responsible for transfer of diseases, unfair distribution of national
wealth, undue financial burden on some countries and governments as compared to others, and
many malpractices like violence. One major negative consequence of immigration is Brain
Drain, which negatively impacts the country of origin of the immigrants. This paper elaborates
on the pros and cons of immigration and also explains some reforms in the immigration laws in
the US.
IMMIGRATION 3

Introduction
Immigration is “the movement of non-native people into a country in order to settle
there”, Collins Dictionary. This means people from other countries coming to the USA with a
motive to settle down here permanently are called immigrants and their movement is called
immigration. People may move to other countries either legally or illegally. Legal immigrants
follow proper procedures and have proper legal documentation to work and live in a country. For
legal immigration, people must apply for visa and must get the same approved from the relevant
authority. They can be granted permission for immigration based on the reasons like family (like
parents or spouses of US citizens), employment (religious workers, unskilled or priority workers
etc.), humanitarian (like people seeking asylum or refugees) or sometimes people may legally
immigrate through visa lotteries. Legal immigrants agree to follow the laws of the land; they pay
taxes, vote and have a social security number. On the contrary, people entering a country and
living there permanently without any legal permission, without following legal route and without
fulfilling any conditions, are the illegal immigrants.
Immigration as economic boon
Whether legal or illegal, immigration do bring many benefits and opportunities to the
country where people immigrate. Skill and knowledge transfer is one such benefit. Many
intelligent and ambitious people so not get ample opportunities in their countries of origin and
for them migrating is the only option to ensure growth and success in life. Many countries offer
limited educational and entrepreneurial opportunities for its citizens. In fact there may be a limit
on the freedom and other human rights. Living in such countries becomes difficult and people
seek to move to other countries. Thus immigration gives them an opportunity for a better life
IMMIGRATION 4

with higher living standards. Such people not only grow themselves but also benefit the country
they immigrate to by transferring their knowledge and skills and also using them for the benefit
of the country. Immigration ensures that the level of diversity is maintained for a country and
thus the benefits of diversity also accrue to the country in question. The culture of that country
becomes even richer. Diversity imbibes tolerance in people. It introduces different customs, new
ideas, new food, music, new perspectives, variety of skills and strengths and many other benefits.
Immigrants are usually offered low wage jobs which they willfully accept since the same job
may pay even lower wages in their home countries. This way, the jobs are nicely distributed as
per the desires of the people since many people don’t prefer low wage jobs such as cleaning and
food service. Cheap labor helps the business entities in increasing the flexibility in their
operations. Cheap labor ensures lower costs, higher quality and in turn higher profits. Countries
legalize immigration for a passive reason also- restricting legal immigration will inevitably
create more incentive for the people to enter a county illegally. This will cause even more
problems for the country because of low assimilation and fewer tax paying and law abiding
citizens. There are political considerations also in the issue of immigration. Supporting
immigration by legalizing it portrays an open policy of a country. The country is seen more
welcoming internationally.
Identifying such great benefits and opportunities, many states are taking steps to increase
the number of immigrants. Cities like Baltimore, Ohio and Michigan are taking specific
measures to attract foreigners in their city. This pattern could be...