Please complete the attachment multiple choice assignment.
9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 1/41 Wk 8 - Doctoral Research Knowledge Assessment [due Mon] Test Content Question 1 0 Points X squared plus 7 equals 23 (Solve for X) 16 3 5 4 Question 2 0 Points Identify the correct order of operations for calculation of basic math problems. Rule 1: First perform any calculations inside parentheses. Rule 2: Next perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right. Rule 3: Lastly, perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right. Rule 1: First perform any calculations inside parentheses. Rule 2: Next perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right. Rule 3: Lastly, perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right. Rule 1: First perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right. Rule 2: Next perform any calculations inside parentheses. Rule 3: Lastly, perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right. Rule 1: First perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right. Rule 2: Next perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right. Rule 3: Lastly, perform any calculations inside parentheses. Question 3 0 Points A “Set” within quantitative theory represents…? An infinite ordered array of objects 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 2/41 Any collection M into a whole of definite, distinct objects m (which are called the "elements" of M) of our perception [Anschauung] or of our thought Elements of a defined characteristic Any collection of M into a whole that is representative overall of the nature of the target being observed Question 4 0 Points X minus square root of 9 equals 18 space(Solve for X) 12 31 17 21 Question 5 0 Points The formula " mu equals begin inline style sum from j to i of end style bevelled X over N" is a common expression for calculation of the…? Variance Range Mean Standard Deviation Question 6 0 Points Nominal is to Category as Ordinal is to…? Breadth Range 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 3/41 Association Rank Question 7 0 Points The expressed equation of sigma equals square root of sigma squaredwould reflect the __________ of a population. The Population Variance which is the square root of the Standard Deviation The basic representation of constancy in a set of data The Population Standard Deviation which is the square root of the Variance A well known inequality that estimates the error in statistical calculation Question 8 0 Points Given the Variable X measured at a Nominal Level, what descriptive statistical indice would you give if asked to provide the most representative value of the set? Range Modal frequency Mean Median Question 9 0 Points What particular measure of correlation would be most appropriate for use with two variables measured at an ordinal level? Pearson’s r Contingency Coefficient Spearman’s Rho 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 4/41 Chi Square Question 10 0 Points A specific score in a distribution of data minus the mean and divided by the standard deviation produces a value known as a…? Variability Score Coefficient of Determination Beta Z Score Question 11 0 Points left parenthesis 3 comma 5 comma 7 comma 9 comma 11 right parenthesis space union space left parenthesis 3 comma 6 comma 9 comma 12 comma 15 right parenthesis space would be correctly expressed as…? 5, 6 11, 12 5, 15 3, 9 Question 12 0 Points All the following are measures of variability or dispersion within a set of data except…? Range Standard Deviation Median 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 5/41 Variance Question 13 0 Points Expected relative frequency probability represents a calculated probability based on large numbers of trials. In an example of a deck of 52 cards, where you randomly pull cards from the deck and record what they are, you find that over 1000 random draws, you pull an ACE 76 times. What would be the calculated probability based on relative frequency? 0.3 0.76 0.076 10% Question 14 0 Points In a distribution of data conforming to the characteristics of a Normal Curve, the percentage of cases between Plus One and Minus One Standard Deviation from the Mean would be…? 99.30% 84% 68% 95% Question 15 0 Points If 10 minus Y equals 5, then 5 to the third power (i.e., 5 ) would equal…?3 50 125 150 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 6/41 225 Question 16 0 Points If someone scored two Standard Deviations above the Mean on a standardized test where the Mean = 100 and the Standard Deviation = 15, then that person’s numerical score would be…? 160 125 90 Percentileth 130 Question 17 0 Points Independent trials in relationship to probability theory means that…? Each outcome has an independent relationship to the whole The outcome of each trial is dependent upon the previous but not the following The outcome of each trial is totally independent from each other trial conducted Influences of trials on the outcome are subtle overall Question 18 0 Points The defining characteristics of the Ratio Level of Measurement are…? Equal intervals between points of that scale and a true zero Unequal intervals between points and a true zero Equal intervals between points on a scale but an arbitrary zero point An arbitrary zero with specified rank ordering of scale points 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 7/41 Question 19 0 Points In a 95% Confidence Interval, the true mean has what chance of falling between the Lower Limit and Upper Limits of the calculated confidence interval? 0.05 5% 0.9 95% Question 20 0 Points What is the relationship of the Mean, Median and Mode as Measures of Central Tendency in a true Normal Curve? They align Mean, Median and Mode in that order They align Mode, Median and Mean in that order They are equal They align Median, Mode and Mean in that order Question 21 0 Points Independent Variable is to CAUSE as Dependent Variable is to…? Response Perception Predictor Effect Question 22 0 Points 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 8/41 The condition of scores being distorted in one direction or the other (towards the ends of the distribution) within a given distribution of data is known as…? Kurtosis Skewness Discontinuity Asynchronous Question 23 0 Points An extreme score that sets apart in value from the general distribution of values with which it is connected is known as…? Outlier Incongruous data Champion score Anomalous indicator Question 24 0 Points A Dichotomous Variable represents what level of measurement within the realm of quantitative analysis? Ratio Interval Ordinal Nominal Question 25 0 Points The Standard Error of Measurement is calculated by what formula? 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 9/41 begin inline style sum end style X over N begin inline style sum end style equals left parenthesis X minus mu right parenthesis squared divided by N sigma subscript M equals sigma divided by square root of N sum chi left parenthesis beta minus r right parenthesis Question 26 0 Points The logic of causal inference requires an experimental basis where two or more groups are compared on one or more variables. In simplest form, an “experiment” also requires…? Random selection of subjects from a population Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups Matching of subjects on key characteristics Elimination of subjects that seem resistant to treatments Question 27 0 Points To be applicable to meaningful research, a “research question” must be…? Positive in formulation Purposeful in direction of what is being asked Answerable within the scope of chosen research practices, instrumentation and procedures Legitimate within the scope of existing societal values toward research Question 28 0 Points Positivist and Post-Positivist perspectives on research adhere to the perspective of Philosopher of Science Karl Popper, who held that all stated research hypotheses must be…? 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 10/41 Simply stated to avoid misinterpretation Stated in a manner that excludes the self as a means of reducing bias Self-contained in relationship to the complexity of the study Falsifiable based upon empirical evidence obtained through scientific procedures Question 29 0 Points A Nomethetic approach to research focuses upon the study of…? Individuals Children Non-Methetics Groups Question 30 0 Points Qualitative research with human subjects typically involves __________ and __________ without specific forms of scaled measurement. tests, critical items artifacts, traces interviews, observations instruments, interests Question 31 0 Points An idiographic method of research focuses upon…? An individual A particular contextual setting 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 11/41 A particular group A specific problem Question 32 0 Points An ethical necessity in conducting research with human subjects is to obtain…? An indemnification from litigation Access to sufficient data to complete the study Applicable evidence that the study was not harmful Informed consent from participants Question 33 0 Points Anything that can be identified as varying in assigned value can be a …? Perspective Hypothesis Variable Constant Question 34 0 Points A single group pretest – posttest research design cannot infer causality of relationship because…? There are no means of eliminating alternative explanations for the observed changes in contrast to a treatment effect because there is no random assignments to treatment and control groups Too few subjects are involved in the research process under this design There are too few groups to conduct an Analysis of Variance Correlation does not equal causation 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 12/41 Question 35 0 Points Where “R” = Random Assignment Subjects to Treatment conditions; “NR” = No Random Assignment; “X” = Treatment and “O” = Observation, which of the following allows for causal inferences to be made regarding the effect of treatment? R rightwards arrow X rightwards arrow O R rightwards arrow X rightwards arrow O R rightwards arrow _ rightwards arrow O N R rightwards arrow X rightwards arrow O N R rightwards arrow _ rightwards arrow O N R rightwards arrow O rightwards arrow X rightwards arrow O Question 36 0 Points A Cross-sectional method studies an issue of interest at…? Several points in time Continuously A single point in time Over a duration of time Question 37 0 Points In the context of qualitative research design, the primary instrumentation to be used is…? Surveys Observation protocols The researcher A quality research matrix 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 13/41 Question 38 0 Points Name a qualitative research design that focuses in-depth upon a single case example of the phenomena being studied that can be an individual person, an event, a group, or an institution. Phenomenology Case study Ethnographic analysis Narrative analysis Question 39 0 Points Which of the following analysis methods cannot be applied to experimental research? T-tests Regression analysis Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) None of the above Question 40 0 Points The issue of “generalizability” is an aspect of…? Internal validity Research realism External validity Field experience Question 41 0 Points 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 14/41 What research method describes the structures of experience (AKA meanings) as they present themselves to consciousness, without recourse to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other disciplines? Case study Grounded theory Quasi-experimental Phenomenology Question 42 0 Points A quasi-experimental research design that looks much like an experiment but lacks randomized assignment of subjects to treatment conditions is known as…? Interrupted Time Series Design Nonequivalent Control Group Design Ad Hoc Design Repeated Measure Design Question 43 0 Points Three common and well known methods of data collection for Qualitative Research Designs are…? Interactive interviewing, written descriptions by participants, observation Surveys, psychometric tests, rating scales Video recording, computer files, Internet Spatial recording, artifact review, non-specific archeology Question 44 0 Points A design method in quantitative research that is used to control for order of effects without having all possible orders is called…? 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 15/41 Chi Square Analysis of Covariance Latin Squares Repeated measures Question 45 0 Points Intrinsic changes in subjects that take place over time and are not related to treatment effects is known as…? Bias Maturation Experimental variance Non-treatment effects Question 46 0 Points Time focus of a research design can involve assessing a condition and looking backwards to subject history, or assessing a condition and looking forward to the effects the come manifest over time. This is known as…? Retrospective, Prospective Inward, Outward Artifactual, Speculative Focused, Unfocused Question 47 0 Points A quantitative design that involves multiple independent variables and combines all levels of the independent variables with all other levels is know as…? Split design 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 16/41 Factorial Designs Covariate Design ANOVA Question 48 0 Points One reason given for Mixed Method Research is to bring richness and detail to the study exploring specific features of each method. This purpose is referred to as…? Triangulation Complementarity Development Expansion Question 49 0 Points A qualitative method where data is collected and the themes and concepts based on data analysis emerge during the study…? Phenomenology Ethnography Grounded Theory Hermeneutics Question 50 0 Points A cross between a cross sectional design and longitudinal design is known as…? A reversal design A single case design 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 17/41 A sequential design Matched pairs design Question 51 0 Points The four basic “levels of measurement” are…? Category, rating, scale, numerical Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio Continuous, Dichotomous, Symmetrical, Non-Symmetrical Direct, Indirect, intrusive, non-intrusive Question 52 0 Points The extent to which a measurement strategy actually measures a definable theoretical construct or trait is known as: Internal Validity External consistency Construct Validity Criterion Validity Question 53 0 Points A means of determining the agreement among judges or raters when a given set of these are assessing or evaluating a particular defined and observed phenomenon (e.g., performance of participants on a given behavioral task). Test-Retest Reliability Judge/Rater Validity of Circumstance (J/R VC) Split-half reliability 9/16/21, 4:22 PM View Assessment https://vle.phoenix.edu/ultra/courses/_274757_1/outline/assessment/_27476503_1/overview/attempt/_26365734_1?courseId=_274757_1 18/41 Interrater Reliability Question 54 0