Please choose one DSM-IV-TR diagnosis that you find particularly interesting, and utilize the library database to research this diagnosis for etiology, criteria, and effective treatments. You will...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Detailed Study
Abstract: The presented paper is an effort to present a easy and scientific description of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with a in dept description of diagnostic etiology of disorder, criteria which classifies a mental disorder as PTSD and what are treatments available. PTSD is the selected diagnosis from the DSM-IV_TR. The paper critically analyzes the works from fellow researcher and study of current time on PTSD along with reflecting briefly on history of PTSD. The presented research paper also try to capture recommendations made by current researches going on to improve the treatment options of post traumatic stress disorder. Effect of different cultural and of related factors on PTSD has been tried to capture with the help of a case study. In many culture any mental disorder including PTSD is considered untreatable and survivor is forced to live socially isolated life which again make his condition worse. Same ways effect of a survivor’s relationship with his family and friends also affect PTSD. The paper tried to capture the effect of abusive or supportive relationships on PTSD. The paper is focused on PTSD as a mental disorder and tried to analyses its relation to military and other trauma-victims. The present research intends to include the prevalence of PTSD, who is prone to be affected by it and which treatment options are present in the medical system. The main motive of this paper is to present concept and reasons behind PTSD in such a manner that even normal people with no medical background can understand it and scholars and researchers can use the paper to take the knowledge further.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 309.81: before going into discussion and effect of PTSD we need to understand what it refers to. PTSD is a highly debilitating anxiety disorder that can consolidate into a chronic disorder that negatively impacts on the individual’s wellbeing and functioning (Walser, Tran, & Cook, 2012). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM–IV–TR) (APA, 2000), PTSD is characterized by re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness, and symptoms of hyper-arousal. Post traumatic stress disorder is characterized as an anxiety disorder in DSM–IV–TR along with panic disorder, OCD and phobias. PTSD can happen to any age group. Symptoms start showing in the behavior of person within 3 months of trauma.
History of PTSD Diagnosis: (Trimble, 1985) has depicted the history of PTSD as a mental disorder. PTSD was included in III edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) by APA. It was associated with soldiers who fought wars since wars started happening in world. It was just not given any special merits and treated as fear or anxiety due to act of war. But PTSD is not just an symptom of those who take part in combats or wars it can happen to anyone who survived some terrible life threatening situation such as motor accidents, rape, terrorist kidnapping, mortal attack any other life threatening situations such as war and mugging. We can find the instance of PTSD in literature by numerous ways. Mostly in literature of accounts of great battles fought and war strategies of great warriors. They all recognize the effect of those battles on soldiers both physical symptoms and mental blockage which prevents some soldiers in performing fearlessly in battle. Many war historians recognize that their soldiers were “blinded and turned to stone on facing the same experience of war from which they had suffered before”. They themselves did not know that they were talking about the symptoms of PTSD as PTSD was recognized as a disease only in 1980’s. Even Shakespeare's Henry IV seemed a valid example of survivor of PTSD. One of main reason to classify PTSD as a individual disorder was that in PTSD etiological agent is some outside world event rather than a person’s own perspective.
Criteria of PTSD: following are the listed criteria of diagnosis of PTSD
i) A-Stressor Criteria: the person has been involved in such events which exposed him to actual or threatened death or injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others. During this event, the survivor’s response was feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror.
ii) B- Intrusive recollection, criterion: this criterion is most significantly different symptom of PTSD. This is now made famous by movies and serials on war veterans etc and is called as “PTSD flashbacks”. The survivor experiences the traumatic event again and again such as having flashbacks of that event and this can happen for life time or for many years. This can happen as recollection of event in the form of images, thoughts and ideas. Person can has nightmares, daytime fantasies and hallucination related to that event. He feels like reliving that experience again and again. Also many stimuli agents related to that experience can evoke the same response in individual as at the time of actual events. These response included images, emotions and psychological reaction. Person is seemed to have extreme psychological reaction on exposure to anything which symbolizes that traumatic event.
iii) C- avoidant/numbing, criterion: the person suffering from PTSD constantly tries to avoid all the things associated with traumatic event and which numb his responses as indicated by three or more of following points:
· The person tries to avoid any...