Case Study Case Study For the distribution system shown in Figure 1, the main section has a failure rate of 0.2 fails per km per year and is divided into three sections as shown. The average time to...

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Case Study Case Study For the distribution system shown in Figure 1, the main section has a failure rate of 0.2 fails per km per year and is divided into three sections as shown. The average time to restoration of the main section is 5 hours. The feeders have failure rates of 0.3 fails per km per year and average time to restoration of 3 hours. There are breakers on all sections and feeders so that any failure can be isolated by its nearest upstream breaker. L1 L2 L3 2 km 2 km 3 km 1 km 1 km Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Feeder 2 Feeder 3Main Supply Figure 1: Load feeder section The load SCDFs and average sizes can be seen in Figure 2. An embedded generator is to be installed in a back-up configuration on this line. The supplied generator’s cost data is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Generator cost data Lifetime 25 yrs Capital € 10,000 per MW O&M 20 c per MWh Figure 2: SCDFs for loads L1, L2 and L3 a) Calculate the expected interruption costs for each section of this system: Table 2: Expected interruption costs (EICs) for each section section  r ??1??1 ??2??2 ??3??3 ∑???? EIC 1 2 3 feeder 2 3 fails hours Total EIC: €______ b) Confirm this by calculating the EIC for each load: Table 3: Expected interruption costs (EICs) for each load load L ????1 ????2 ????3 ????2 ????3 EIC 1 2 3 MW Total EIC: €______ 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 time [hours] c o s t [€ / M W ] Load L1 (1 MW) Load L2 (1 MW) Load L3 (5 MW) c) Calculate the levelised costs of installation of the generator at each bus, assuming it provides for all downstream loads (losses excluded). Table 4: Generator levelized installation cost Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 L2 L3 Capacity Capital O&M Total: € _____ € _____ € _____ € _____ € _____ d) Calculate the profit/loss associated with each potential installation and find the optimum installation point for best economic performance of this generator. Table 5: Profit/loss analysis* Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 L2 L3 Retrieved EIC Cost Total: * assume each placement only backs up one section or load e) The generator is to be replaced with a generator with the same capital cost per MW but different operation and maintenance costs. What is the maximum cost per MWh in order to maintain a profit (round to the nearest cent per MWh)?