Part I : "History of Social Welfare" . After reading this article, what is your take on Social Welfare Institutions? See attached file.Part II : 1). Define : Ethics, Ethical Dilemmas, Ethical...

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Title: History of Social Welfare
Contents
Defining Ethics    3
Kohlberg’s Moral Dilemmas    3
Heinz Dilemma    5
Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory    5
Human Services Ethical Standards    6
Works Cited    8
Defining Ethics
Ethical value in social welfare includes social justice, dignity and worth of a person, importance of human relationships, integrity and competence. There is certain ethical dilemma associated, such as receiving gifts, right to self-determination, differences in personal values, dual relationships and many more that could lead to ethical dilemma while working. These ethical dilemmas would lead to the creation of obstruction while working, and it will also create differences with the colleagues. These ethical dilemmas will also create obstruction in the organizational operation, and thus jeopardizing the entire goal of providing social welfare services to the society. There are certain ethical standards that is required to be followed, such as non-maleficence, beneficence, health maximization, efficiency, respect for autonomy, justice and proportionality. Ethical standards will help the social worker in delivering the services to the needy, without judging them from any perspective. The social worker ethical value and morality is based on the service they provide, the social justice, protecting dignity and worth of a person, the attitude of acceptance, non-judgmental, confidentiality and many more. The ethical values perceived by the social worker will define the manner in which they work, and it also helps them in taking right decision during any kind of situation that might pose challenging to them. The social worker also faces cognitive dissociation, where there is certain situation, where their individual values and morality collides with the situation. When the morality collides with the situation, it is advised that the social worker must make decision that is good, and which will provide a greater benefit to a greater number of people. In these challenging situations the social worker needs to work based on what is right (Congress).
Kohlberg’s Moral Dilemmas
The different stages of Kohlberg’s Moral Dilemma are as follows:
· Obedience and punishment orientation, where the focus is mainly over the following or obeying rules and avoiding any kind of punishment. This kind of attitude required to be altered based on certain situations, because there will be instances when the decision needs to be taken following what is greater good for the people and the society.
· The second stage is instrumental orientation, which is mainly determines that showing...