Part 1-3 is attached , based on them we need to complete part 4
task for part 4
Evaluation of your Client’s Behaviour Change Program
What was the overall result/outcome of your behaviour change program?
Evaluate the successes, failures, and limitations of your program
Describe how you evaluated the program (i.e. tools, strategies, etc.). Why did you use these evaluation tools (rationale)?
Self-Evaluation
Include your own self-evaluation, including what you will or will not do moving forward
What are your questions moving forward in your work creating individual behaviour change programs?
What was new for you? What skills did you expand on?
Health behaviour assignment .docx Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. Health Behaviour-BHSW- 1500. Madina Maksumova. Christyn Oda. February 12, 2023 Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. Introduction "Running 15 minutes a day, three days a week" has been chosen for my client as the individual behaviour modification program's health behaviour. Regular exercise, like running, has several health advantages, such as better cardiovascular health, stronger muscles and bones, and a lower risk of developing chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (1). Multiple psychological, social, and environmental variables that can help or impede a person's capacity to continue the habit can influence the success of a behaviour change programme. First: Personal beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and skills: Personal beliefs and attitudes towards physical activity can influence an individual's behaviour. People who hold positive attitudes towards physical activity and see it as enjoyable and beneficial are more likely to engage in it regularly (2). Additionally, individuals with higher levels of knowledge about the benefits of physical activity and the skills to engage in it are more likely to maintain the behaviour (3). Second: Social Factors Social factors, such as the influence of friends, family, and community, can play a crucial role in shaping an individual's behaviour. Having a support network of people who engage in physical activity can increase the individual's motivation and ability to maintain the behaviour (4). On the other hand, a lack of support from the social network can serve as a barrier to engaging in physical activity (5). Third: Environmental Barriers The environment in which individual lives can also impact their behaviour. Access to safe and convenient places for physical activity, such as parks, recreational facilities, and sidewalks, can Christyn Oda Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. increase the likelihood of an individual engaging in physical activity (6). On the other hand, living in a built environment with limited access to these resources can serve as a barrier to engaging in physical activity (7). Interventions: To facilitate the behaviour, change of running 15 minutes for 3 days a week, the following interventions can be employed: 1- Social support: Encouraging the individual to engage in physical activity with friends and family can increase motivation and accountability. Joining a running group or participating in physical activity events can also provide a supportive social environment. 2- Education: Providing the individual with information about the health benefits of physical activity and how to safely engage in it can increase their knowledge and confidence to maintain the behaviour. 3- Environment: Identifying and addressing any environmental barriers, such as lack of access to safe and convenient places for physical activity, can increase the likelihood of the individual engaging in the behaviour. 4- Self-monitoring: Encouraging the individual to track their physical activity can increase their accountability and motivation to maintain the behaviour. Theories and Strategies: The following theories and strategies can be used to support the interventions mentioned above: Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. 1- Social cognitive theory: This theory suggests that an individual's behaviour is influenced by their personal beliefs and attitudes, as well as the social and environmental factors in their life (8). 2- Self-determination theory: This theory suggests that individuals are more likely to maintain a behaviour when they perceive it as being self-determined and in line with their values and goals (9). 3- Health behaviour change models: Models such as the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) can be used to guide the behaviour change process, including stages of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance (10). Conclusion In conclusion, the success of a behaviour change program for running 15 minutes for 3 days a week will depend on multiple personal, social, and environmental factors. Interventions, such as social support, education, addressing environmental barriers, and self-monitoring, can increase the likelihood of the individual maintaining the behaviour. Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. References 1- Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (2018). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.health.gov/paguidelines/second-edition/ 2- Dishman, R. K. (1988). Exercise Adherence: Its impact on public health. Quest, 40(3), 176-189. 3- Pescatello, L. S., American College of Sports Medicine (2014). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 4- Sallis, J. F., & Owen, N. (1999). Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Sage publications. 5- O'Connell, M. E., Cook, R. J., & Hurst, M. (2002). Social and environmental factors associated with physical activity in adult men and women. Preventive Medicine, 35(3), 247-255. 6- Saelens, B. E., Sallis, J. F., & Frank, L. D. (2003). Environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(3S), 64-73. 7- Golan, M., & Kaufman, N. J. (2003). The built environment and obesity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24(3S), 90-100. 8- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman. Health Behaviour Change Project: Part 1. 9- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. 10- Lippke, S., Ziegelmann, J. P., Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T., & Berry, M. (2011). The health action process approach (HAPA): Evidence for a new comprehensive theory of health behavior change. Health Psychology Review, 5(Suppl 1), 1-24. Health Behaviour part 2.docx Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 Health Behaviour. BHSW-1500. Madina Maksumova. Christyn Oda. March 5, 2025 1 Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 In this Health Behavior Change Project, my client has chosen the health behaviour of running 15 minutes a day, three days a week. This specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goal will help my client improve their overall physical health and fitness levels. To achieve this goal, I have identified two key interventions/strategies that will be applied: social support and education. Social support will involve the help and encouragement provided by others, such as family, friends, or a support group. By encouraging my client to join a running group or recruit a friend to run with them, they will feel accountable and motivated to continue running. Education, on the other hand, will provide my client with information on the benefits of running, proper running techniques, and tips for building endurance. This will help them feel more confident in their ability to achieve their running goals. To further support the chosen interventions/strategies, I will be utilizing two behavior change theories: the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory. The Health Belief Model suggests that an individual's beliefs about their health and the perceived benefits of a behavior change can influence their motivation to change their behavior. In this case, education will help my client understand the benefits of running and feel more motivated to achieve their goal. Social Cognitive Theory, on the other hand, suggests that individuals learn by observing others and that social support can influence an individual's behavior. By providing my client with social support, they will be more likely to continue running and achieve their desired health behavior change. In summary, the chosen health behavior of running 15 minutes a day, three days a week will be achieved through the application of social support and education interventions/strategies, supported by the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory (Keller & Fleury, 2020). These interventions will be tailored to the specific needs and strengths of my client, with the 2 Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 ultimate goal of helping them achieve their desired health behavior change (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2019). Social support is one of the interventions that will be used to help my client modify their health behavior of running 15 minutes a day, three days a week. Social support is defined as the assistance, care, or empathy provided by individuals, groups, or society that promotes well-being, growth, and adaptation. Social support can come in many forms, such as emotional support, instrumental support, informational support, and appraisal support. In this case, social support will involve encouraging my client to join a running group or recruit a friend to run with them. This will provide them with the emotional and instrumental support they need to feel accountable and motivated to continue running (Gardner, Lally & Wardle, 2019). By running with others, they will have a sense of camaraderie and shared accountability, making it more likely for them to continue running and achieve their goal. Social support has been shown to be effective in promoting behavior change in various health behaviors, including physical activity. According to Social Cognitive Theory, individuals can learn by observing others and modeling their behavior. Therefore, my client may be more likely to continue running if they see others in their running group or their friend who is also committed to running regularly. This social support can also help increase their self-efficacy, or belief in their ability to successfully perform a behavior, which can in turn increase their motivation to continue running. Research has shown that social support can improve adherence to exercise programs and increase physical activity levels, especially when the support is from close friends or family members. In one study, individuals who received social support from a spouse or significant other had a higher level of adherence to an exercise program than those who did not receive support. This highlights the importance of social support in promoting 3 Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 behavior change, as well as the need to tailor the support to the individual's needs and preferences. In summary, social support is a powerful intervention that can help my client modify their health behavior of running 15 minutes a day, three days a week. By encouraging them to join a running group or recruit a friend to run with them, they will receive emotional and instrumental support, which can increase their motivation and self-efficacy to continue running regularly. Social support is supported by Social Cognitive Theory and has been shown to be effective in promoting behavior change in various health behaviors (Bandura, 2019). Education is another intervention that will be used to help my client modify their health behavior of running 15 minutes a day, three days a week. Education involves providing information and knowledge to an individual about a particular health behavior, its benefits, and how to perform it properly. In this case, education will involve providing my client with information on the benefits of running, proper running techniques, and tips for building endurance. This education will be provided through various methods, such as pamphlets, videos, or websites. The education will also be tailored to my client's specific needs and preferences, to ensure that they receive information that is relevant and useful to them. Education is supported by the Health Belief Model, which suggests that an individual's beliefs about their health and the perceived benefits of a behavior change can influence their motivation to change their behavior. By providing my client with information about the benefits of running, such as improved cardiovascular health and weight management, they will be more motivated to continue running regularly. Education can also increase their knowledge and skills about proper running techniques, reducing the risk of injury and increasing their confidence in 4 Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 their ability to achieve their goal. Research has shown that education can be an effective intervention in promoting behavior change. In one study, individuals who received educational materials about physical activity had a higher level of physical activity than those who did not receive any educational materials. Education can also improve adherence to an exercise program by providing individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to perform the behavior (Parrott, Tennant & Olejnik, 2020). In summary, education is a valuable intervention that can help my client modify their health behavior of running 15 minutes a day, three days a week. By providing them with information about the benefits of running and proper running techniques, they will be more motivated and confident in their ability to achieve their goal. Education is supported by the Health Belief Model and has been shown to be effective in promoting behavior change in various health behaviors. Interview Questions Personal beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and skills: ● What motivated you to choose running as a health behavior to modify? ● What are your current beliefs about the benefits of running? ● Have you ever run before? If so, what was your experience like? ● What do you know about proper running techniques? ● What are your current attitudes towards exercise? ● What do you believe is your current skill level when it comes to running? 5 Health Behaviour Change Project Part 2 Social Factors ● Do you have any friends or family members who are currently runners? ● Have you considered joining a running group or recruiting a running buddy? ● Do you have any concerns about running with others? ● How do you typically respond to peer pressure or influence from others? Environmental Barriers ● Do you have access to safe and convenient running routes in your neighborhood? ● Do you have access to appropriate running gear? ● Have you identified any potential obstacles to running, such