Overview of Diabetic Kidney Disease a) Symptoms b) Causes c) Prevalence i) Age ii) Gender iii) Ethnicity iv) Nationality 3) Diagnosis 4) Treatment 5) Prevention 6) Current Research 7) Summary

Diabetic kidney disease:
Diabetic kidney disease, also called nephropathy is serious outcome of high blood glucose level.
High blood glucose level can severely damage kidney, and prevent normal kidney function and
ultimately leads to renal failure.
Causes:
Diabetes damages the filtering system of kidney. High blood sugar level makes the kidneys filter
too much blood. This extra pressure effect the kidney function. Though in some people, the
filtering rate increases than normal in the first few years of their diabetes, gradually kidneys
become non functional due to extra pressure. After many years, useful protein begins to lose
through urine, as kidney cannot filter these proteins. Microalbuminuria, presence of small
amount of protein in blood is the first symptom of kidney disease.
Gradually due to the stress of overwork the kidneys to lose their filtering ability completely and
waste products then start to accumulate in the blood. Finally, results in the kidneys failure.
Symptoms:
Symptoms are not observed early as kidney work hard to compensate the initial failure but when
it is completely damaged, it fails to restore its ability. Several symptoms are observed due to
kidney failure. Microalbuminuria and proteinuria is the early symptoms of kidney disease.
With more severe kidney disease symptoms that may develop include:
 Hyper tension
 Hyperkalemia
 Uremia
 Metabolic alkalosis
 Bone deformities
 Osteomalecia and rickets
 A poor appetite
 Weight loss
 Dry, itchy skin
 Muscle cramps
 Fluid retention which causes swollen feet and ankles
 Puffiness around the eyes
 Needing to pass urine more often than usual
 Being pale due to anemia
 Feeling sick
Prevalence:
In each year in the United States, more than 100,000 people are...