PROBLEM SET 10 1. At a certain location the surface temperature is 34⁰C and the lapse rate is -8.7⁰C/1,000 m. A parcel of air with a temperature of 28⁰C has been lifted to an altitude of 950 m. Is the...

Only need the problems answered tonight under problem set 10. A total of ten problems


PROBLEM SET 10 1. At a certain location the surface temperature is 34⁰C and the lapse rate is -8.7⁰C/1,000 m.  A parcel of air with a temperature of 28⁰C has been lifted to an altitude of 950 m.  Is the parcel of air stable or unstable?   2. The surface temperature is 21⁰C, and the lapse rate is -5.2⁰C/1000 meters.  A parcel of air with a temperature of 17⁰C has been liftd to an altitude of 765 m by a mountain ridge.  Is the parcel stable or unstable?   3. A parcel of air with a volume of 5.2 x 103 km3 that contains 8.9 x 10 that contains 8.9 x 106 kg of water vapor, rises to an altitude where all the water in the parcel condenses.  What is the change in temperature of the parcel due to condensation?  Assume the density of the air at the condensation altitude is 8.7 x 102 g/m3.   4. A parcel of air with a volume of 9.1 x 104 km3 that contains 5.7 x 107 kg of water vapor rises to an altitude where all the water condenses and then freezes.  What is the change in temperature of the parcel of air due to freezing?  Assume the density of the air at the condensation altitude is 7.2 x 102 g/m3.   5. A parcel of air with a volume of 7.3 x 104 km3 rises to an altitude where all the water in the parcel condenses and increases the temperature of the parcel by 4.7⁰C.  Assume the density of the air at the condensation altitude is 8.1 x 102 g/m3.   6. Snowfall measuring 2.5 cm deep falls on a concrete bridge.  The bridge measuring 2.5 cm deep falls on a concrete bridge.  The bridge has a mass of 6.0 x 104 kg.  The total mass of the snowfall is 600 kg.  What is the change in temperature of the concrete due to the snow melting?   7. The energy usage of urban buildings can be reduced by increasing the albedo of roofing materials to reflect solar energy.  What is the reflected solar energy for a painted roof, which has an albedo of 0.15, and a high-albedo roof, which has an albedo of 0.9?  Assume the incoming solar energy is 8.4 x 102 W/m2.   8. A student observed the barometric pressure and wind direction each morning and evening.  Based on the table containing his data, did the student observe a cyclone or anticyclone?                                                Pressure and Wind Direction Data       Day/Time     Pressure (hPa)    Wind Direction        1/0600           1,016           SW        1/1800           1,005           SE        2/0600              995            E        2/1800              980           NE        3/0600              990            N           9. Atmospheric soundings from four weather stations are shown in the following table.  The stations are situated from west to east with station 1 farthest west.  Station 2 is 100 km east of station 1, station 3 is 100 km east of station 2, and station 4 is 100 km east of station 3.  Based on the data in the table, what type of weather front is evident and between which stations is the front located?                                                             Temperature Data                                      Altitude  Station 1  Station 2  Station 3  Station 4    meters  Temp ⁰C  Temp ⁰C  Temp ⁰C  Temp ⁰C     1,500        1.5        2.3      11.4      13.8     2,000       -2.3        0.0        9.1      11.5     2,500       -6.0       -2.3        6.8        9.2     3,000       -9.8       -6.1        3.1        5.5     3,500     -13.5       -9.8       -0.7        1.7               10. The following table lists average monthly temperature data and monthly precipitation data for a city in North America.  In which major climate zone is this city located?                              Average Monthly Temperature and Precipitation Data            Month   Temperature (⁰C)  Precipitation (mm)              Jan            14.2             20              Feb               13.1               25              Mar            22.5             32              Apr            22.5             22              May            28.6              0              Jun            33.1              0              Jul            34.7             15             Aug            33.8               9             Sep            31.2               4             Oct            24.0             20             Nov            16.1             13             Dec               13.3             40   PROBLEM SET 11 1. What is the net water budget for a region where the annual rainfall is 890 mm and the potential evaporation is 635 mm?   2. On an annual basis, the potential precipitation in a watershed is 1,776 mm, the actual evapotranspiration is 914 mm, and 64 percent of the surplus precipitation is runoff.  What is the percentage of each component of the watershed?   3. A watershed has an area of 9.84 x 102 km2 in a region where the annual surface runoff is 305 mm.  What is the volume of the surface runoff?   4. Tracer dye is introduced to sand and gravel aquifer in a gravel pit.  The dye appears 28.5 hours 3.8 km away from where the dye was introduced.  What is the groundwater flow velocity?   5. An underground storage tank at a service station leaks into a water table.  A soluble component of the fuel is detected in a public water supply well 547 m away 1 year 31 days later.  What is the groundwater flow velocity?   6. A specimen of shale has a mass of 17.25 g dry and 22.24 g wet.  The volume of the specimen is 12.15 cm3.  What is the porosity of the shale?   7. A confined aquifer at a depth of 34.8 m is encountered during the drilling of a water well.  The surface elevation of the well is 267.4 m.  What must the minimum static groundwater elevation be in this well for it to be considered artesian?   8. A beach slopes 8.7 centimeters per meter.  Waves are breaking in a surf zone that is 31 m offshore, and the wavelength is 7.0 m.  How far offshore will the wave base encounter the bottom?   9. A swimmer in an inner tube would like to ride the longshore current 0.21 km along the beach to the concession stand.  The current is moving at 7.4 m/min.  How long will it take the swimmer to reach the concession stand?   10. A surface ocean current has a flow rate of 6.9 x 107 m3 per second.  The current is 105 km wide by 940 m deep.  What is the velocity of this current?