Obtain the normal equations and the least squares estimates for the model Where x i = (X i − ). Compare the results to equation 1.6. (The model expressed in this form is referred to as the “centered”...

Obtain the normal equations and the least squares estimates for the model

Where x_i
= (X_i
−
). Compare the results to equation 1.6. (The model expressed in this form is referred to as the “centered” model; the independent variable has been shifted to have mean zero.)