NOTE: information about the assignment is subject to change: more details will be released closer to the date.The aim is for you to make an academic argument that is evidenced (as opposed to merely...

1. Identification of the state of knowledge prior to the study and the knowledge gap
The article describes existing knowledge about factors that are influencing achievement of student. In the study, this requires establishment of connections between PISA scores for describing academic performance. This shows the role of socioeconomic background, school resources and instructional methods in success of student. It shows correlation that exists between IQ scores and academic achievement. This requires addressing knowledge gap for examining roles of parents, teachers and attitude of student. The study shows PISA scores that includes sample data that is obtained from 74 countries. It provides broader international perspective that allows in understanding factors for interaction (Furnham & Cheng, 2024). This includes describing parental education, support and attitudes for influencing PISA performance of children in diverse cultures. This requires exploring about teacher qualifications, motivation and teaching styles that are correlate with student performance on PISA assessments for different educational systems. The research includes examining attitudes of student for learning, self-esteem and academic confidence that are associated with PISA scores for different countries. This study includes analysis of PISA data from wider range of nations. It aims to provide comprehensive view of specific factors that includes parental involvement, teacher quality and student attitudes. This shows interaction for influencing student achievement on global scale.
2. Theory and aims of the study, and hypotheses being tested
The study includes building of theory that shows student achievement. The achievement is measured by PISA scores and this is influenced by combination of factors that describes individual cognitive ability. The existing research acknowledges roles of socioeconomic background, school resources and instructional methods. The researchers describe about parental involvement, teacher quality and student attitudes. It influences PISA scores for broad range of countries. The study explores way for describing parental education level to support learning and attitudes that is related with education of student performance. This shows higher parental education, stronger support and positive educational attitudes that can lead to higher PISA scores. The researchers highlight about teachers that have stronger qualifications, higher motivation and effective teaching styles. It is associated with improved student performance on PISA assessments. The study can help in explore that way student attitudes for learning, self-esteem and academic confidence that is linked to PISA scores. It is important for development of positive student attitudes and higher self-belief that can lead to stronger performance (Marks & O’Connell, 2023). The analysis of data from 74 countries aims to test hypotheses. It can help in identification of factors that shows diverse cultures and educational systems. It aims to identify influences that interact and contribute to student achievement on global scale.
3. Evaluation of methodological strengths and weaknesses
Strengths:
The strength of the methodology is that it analyses data from 74 countries that can be considered as important strength. It can help in providing broad scope that allows for examining factors like parental involvement and teacher quality influence. PISA includes diverse cultures and educational systems for revealing generalizable patterns. The study focuses on specific factors that can be explored through different influences on student achievement. The study provides deeper understanding and this can help in describing specific roles of parents, teachers and attitudes of students. This focus on understanding of individual and includes combined effects. PISA is used for analysis of data and this can help in providing establishment and standardized assessment (Furnham & Cheng, 2024). It can help in development of reliable measure for describing about student performance in different countries. The consistency can strengthen...