Chemistry 351: Introductory Organic Chemistry LaboratoryI. For the following three reactions, (a) what type of substituent (electron-donating substituent or electron-withdrawing substituent) will...

Chemistry 351: Introductory Organic Chemistry Laboratory I. For the following three reactions, (a) what type of substituent (electron-donating substituent or electron-withdrawing substituent) will favor the reaction? (b) will this reaction have a positive or negative reaction constant ()? Explain your reasoning. II. Under the following two conditions, which enolate will be generated as the major product? Explain why. III. The following nucleophilic substitution reaction gives an isotope effect of kH/kD = 1.15. Explain whether this is a primary isotope effect or it’s a secondary isotope effect (normal or inverse) and explain why this reaction shows such an isotope effect. IV. Based on the kinetic isotope data and the observed ρ values, what can you say about the transition state of the following elimination reaction? Explain the kinetic isotope data and the observed ρ values. H(D) OH HBr H(D) Br P h X P h N a O E t X k H / k D r Br OSO 2 C 7 H 7 + SMe 2 + NMe 3 7.11 5.66 5.07 2.98 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.7 + Br 2 X B r X N C H 3 X H 3 C C H 3 + H 3 CO - heat N C H 3 X H 3 C + CH 3 OCH 3 A r A r A r O H + HCl A r A r A r C l + H 2 O Ar = aryl group H 3 CC O CH 2 CH 3 K F 7 8 0 C E t O H L D A 0 0 C T H F