Noah’s teachers don’t think that Noah is very smart, so they stop paying attention to him or asking him questions. After a few years, Noah decides there is no point trying to do well in school because...

Noah’s teachers don’t think that Noah is very smart, so they stop paying attention to him or asking him questions. After a few years, Noah decides there is no point trying to do well in school because he’s dumb. He has become a victim of

a. the justification of effort.

b. a self-fulfilling prophecy.

c. implicit prejudice.

d. stereotype threat.