Need to redo the task from the file, need 7 full pages + references.
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| 2 THE DESTRUCTION OF THE WORLD IS INEVITABLE, AS OUR NEED FOR LAND AND GOOD IS GROWING The growth in fertilization rates have historically been connected with poverty, less education for women, inadequate availability of contraceptive, high child mortality etc. Especially during the twentieth century environmental degradation has been a consequence of human efforts of a standard, sophisticated living style. The rise in population is directly proportional to the magnitude of threat to our ecosystem. The more the population is, the faster the resources are used up. Forest is essential part of the earth’s ecosystem. It covers about 30% of world’s land area, that is 4 billion hectares. According to National Geographic between 1990 – 2016 the forest loss was 502,000 square miles (about 130 million hectares) worldwide. This is 3.25% of forest have been destroyed. Amazonian rainforest alone experienced 17% destruction (Nunez, 2019). Deforestation problem is a complex phenomenon with many different variables. Industrialization of developing countries, agriculture and logging are some of the factors that contribute to increase cutting the trees. World’s forest is a home for vast variety of species. About half of earth species, that are known, live in forests. From small insects to giant elephants. Humans directly depend on healthy sustainable forest, as it is source for wood, food and air. Forest serves the ecological functioning like storage of carbon, nutrient cycling, and water and air purification and finally, it is a home of wildlife habitation. These are few ways in which the forest plays an important role. There is a need to acknowledge the damage deforestation can cause in a long term for humans as well as for earth as a whole. Apart from this, the forest also supplies human beings with oxygen that is required for our survival. It has been established that trees intake carbon dioxide and release to the atmosphere oxygen. Human breath about 11,000 liters (11 metric tons) of air per day, in which 19.5 – 23.5 % is oxygen. Total inhaled oxygen is on average 20% and during exhale is about 15%. Therefore, the total consumed oxygen is about 5%, which is 0.65 tons per day (240 tons annually). The study conducted by David Nowak et.al on oxygen production by urban trees in the United States showed that in selected cities (like New Jersey, Atlanta, Georgia etc.) the net annual oxygen production ranges from 1,100 to 94,800 tons (Nowak, et al., 2007) So, trees in urban cities produce more than 4.5 times than human inhale. Despite this fact, this does not take into account the environment and wildlife around cities that need oxygen as well. It is important to realize that having only urban trees in cities are not enough to support entire world ecosystem. Humans are part of it. Thus, this is an indication that deforestation can lead to high reduction in oxygen production. The forest trees keep global warming in control. It absorbs carbon dioxide and produce oxygen that is being released into the atmosphere. “’Global ecosystems are slowing the rate at which CO2 is accumulating in the atmosphere, and thus slowing the rate of climate change’” as stated by the lead author of Nature Communications Trevor Keenan (Ross, 2016). As the sun warms the earth’s surface, some heat is reflected back into space. However, some greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, serves as a barrier for a heat. As a result, instead of heat going back to space, this heat is trapped in earth’s atmosphere. Thus, raising world’s temperature. This is very important because a lot might be at stake. Global warming starts the glacier melting and raising the sea level. Human tend to settle nearby water, and a lot of cities are located on shore. They are in danger of being submerged under water. There are many other impacts that global warming carries, such as increase in temperature will cause the wildlife migration, ecosystem of plants and animals will undergo sever changes that will of course affect humans. Further, wildlife is also on the verge of abating. Not only cutting forest result in CO2 build up, it has a negative effect on the wildlife. Due to deforestation, the wild animals are becoming homeless, thereby creating chaos in the human habitat. These days quite frequently we hear in the news channels the intrusion of wild animals into human habitat. This is also due to deforestation. Deforestation forces these wild animals to find their new home and sometimes they intrude in the human land. The migration is animals is a big factor. As some animals are forced to search for new habitable land, predators of these animals are forced to move along with them or somewhere else to find a new source for living. Accordingly, in such a social plight, this research is notable for restoring more forest areas and practicing afforestation. Another fact that is important to mention is that there are approximately three hundred million people (natives for instance) who reside in the world and depend on the forest resources for their day to day living. They rely on the forest as they carry out their livelihood and occupation by depending on the wood, the bamboo, the fruits, the vegetables and many more. Although, they do not occupy major forest areas, they do depend on animal ecosystem within forest. As it was mentioned earlier, when the wildlife begins to migrate, people in the forest that depend on this wildlife will have to migrate and adapt. Forest trees are mainly cut down to prevent the building from fire. People can simply stop building houses in forest land instead of cutting trees to prevent their buildings from catching fire. We need to be aware and cautious about the deforestation that has been going for years now because the forests are dissolving at an alarming rate. Almost 17% of the famous Amazon forest has been destroyed in the past 50 years. With every passing day the loss seems to be rising with a much higher rate. Not just building homes but also farming, mining, drilling and grazing domestic animals together result in more than half of the total deforestation. Building roads by cutting down forest trees is also one of the main causes of deforestation. However, the tragic view is due to the enormous augmentation of human population and human needs, forest areas are diminishing, and people are establishing their habitation by cutting down trees in the forest and making a land free of trees and wild animals. As a consequence, human lives are more fragile now than it was in the beginning days. Not just that, deforestation also causes soil erosion as well. Cutting down trees causes soil erosion because the roots of the trees hold onto the soil tightly and when the trees are cut down it sets the soil free which results in landslide and soil erosion. With trees being cut down and no adequate tree planting rate, carbon dioxide is being excessively building. Unfortunately, forest lays a problem or limit to human deforestation. Humans can’t use wood and plants as natural resources like wind, sun light and water for energy. The reason is they are not renewable. Which means, it takes many years, even decades for plants and trees to grow. Therefore, excessive deforestation will cause slow death of forests. It is a known fact, however, the fact that forests comprise about 31% of land gives humans assurance that there are plenty resources for use and for sustaining entire ecosystem. However, with the rate with which deforestation takes place, nature won’t be able keep up replenishing trees and plants. The problem is compounded by the fact that leading countries and also developing countries increase their consumptions exponentially. This poses a threat to humanity in a long run. According to the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations, the sustainability, resilience or degradation and vulnerability of land resources depends directly on human activities. It completely depends on how we choose to treat our lands. Afforestation and sustainable use of products is the only way to save this world for further destruction. This paper touched only several aspects of the impact that deforestation brings. Global warming, oxygen production deficiency, wildlife migration, ice melting are factors that need to be taken seriously. There is still time to make a change and find better solutions for our needs. There is a responsibility that human carry and must be fulfilled – take care of our planet. References: Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations (2020) Sustainable Land Management Retrieved From http://www.fao.org/land-water/land/sustainable-land-management/en/ Kaura, M., Arias, M. E., Benjamin, J. A., Oeurng, C., & Cochrane, T. A. (2019). Benefits of forest conservation on riverine sediment and hydropower in the Tonle Sap Basin, Cambodia. Ecosystem Services, 39, 101003. World Wildlife Fund (2020) Forest Habitats Retrieved from https://www.worldwildlife.org/habitats/forest-habitat Zoomers, A., Van Noorloos, F., Otsuki, K., Steel, G., & Van Westen, G. (2017). The rush for land in an urbanizing world: From land grabbing toward developing safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and landscapes. World Development, 92, 242-252. Retrieved from https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/347480/Author_Manuscript_The_rush_for_land_in_an_urbanizing_world_World_Development_.pdf?sequence=3 Population Reference Bureau, The U.N. Long-Range Population Projections: What They Tell Us, Washington, D. C., 1992. Nunez, C. “Climate 101: Deforestation.“ National Geographic. 7 February 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/#close Nowak, D., Hoehn, R., and Crane, D (2007). Oxygen Production by Urban Trees in the United States. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2007. 33(3):220–226 https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/2007/nrs_2007_nowak_001.pdf Ross, John (2016). Forests buffer climate change. The Australian; Canberra, A.C.T. [Canberra, A.C.T] https://ezproxy.clark.edu:12144/docview/1837037496/2F63BB95C2244C90PQ/8?accountid=1157