My (Mh) adult niece relates the story of being a physically small child of 8, and being tormented one winter by several children who were younger than she, but physically much larger. one day, when...

My (Mh) adult niece relates the story of being a physically small child of 8, and being tormented one winter by several children who were younger than she, but physically much larger. one day, when returning home from school, the younger children chased her, pelting her with rocks covered with snow. unable to outrun her tormentors, she threw some snow at their feet to try to keep them at a distance. the next day, she told her teacher about the episode, and was severely reprimanded and punished for having ‘thrown snowballs at younger children’. My niece still fl ushes with resentment when she recounts the story and says, ‘even today, i don’t know what it was i was supposed to do!’ given what you know about ways that learning principles can be used to modify behaviour, what do you think she should have done? What should the teacher have done? how can learning principles best be used to modify the behaviour of bullying children?