MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – 1 POINT EACH – 40 POINTS TOTAL: On the answer sheet (see attachment) enter the letter that represents the best answer to the questions below.1: Which of the following is not a macronutrient?
A: Vitamin C
B: Protein
C: Carbohydrates
D: Fats
2: Water is an important component of the diet because
A: it helps stabilize body temperature
B: it is required for many chemical reactions
C: it helps maintain normal concentrations of wastes and nutrients in the body
D: a and b
E. All of the above
3: Basic body functions, including digestion, metabolism, and the transport of molecules across plasma membranes, requires approximately ___ of the total energy we consume when sedentary.
A: 0.15
B: 0.25
C: 0.5
D: 0.7
4: The general term for foods required in minute quantities is
A: macronutrients
B: micronutrients
C: vitamins
D: coenzyme
5: Dietary fiber
A: is derived from starch in meat sources
B: is highly digestible polysaccharide found in fruits and vegetables
C: is a term that is used to describe two types of nondigestible fibers that have been shown to reduce colon cancer and cholesterol levels
D: None of the above
6: Which of the following is not a part of the central nervous system?
A: brain
B: spinal cord
C: motor nerves
D: cerebellum
7: The connective tissue coating on the brain is known as the
A: meninges
B: dura mater
C: pia mater
D: arachnoid layer
8: Which of the following is not true regarding neurons?
A: They transport bioelectric impulses in the body
B: They cannot divide
C: They are found only in the peripheral nervous system
D: None of the above
9: The autonomic nervous system
A: controls digestion and body temperature
B: is voluntary
C: controls automatic functions like the knee jerk response
D: is not essential for survival
10: Which of the following transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body of a neuron?
A: Myelin
B: Dendrite
C: Axon
D: None of the above
11: Which of the following functions is (are) affected by hormones?
A: Reproduction
B: Behavior
C: Homeostasis
D: All of the above
E: None of the above
12: Target cells respond to specific hormones as a result of
A: protein receptors in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm
B: carbohydrate receptors in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm
C: nucleic acid binding sites in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm
D: specific binding sites on the enzymes in the cytoplasm
13: Which of the following is a nontropic hormone?
A: TSH
B: Growth hormone
C: LH
D: ACTH
14: The release of most hormones is controlled by
A: positive feedback loops
B: nerve impulses
C: negative feedback loops
D: the pituitary gland
15: Natural fluctuations in hormonal release in the body are called
A: circadian rhythms
B: biorhythms
C: biological clocks
D: none of the above
16: Microbes that cause disease in humans are called
A: bugs
B: infections
C: pathogens
D: viruses
17: Which statement is true? Contagious microbes
A: can only be transmitted among the same species.
B: do not spread easily.
C: always cause immediate damage to the host.
D: can easily be spread from one organism to another.
18: _____ are the simplest of all common infectious agents.
A: Bacteria
B: Fungi
C: Helminths
D: Viruses
E: None of the above
19: Less than ____ of known bacteria cause disease.
A: 0.01
B: 0.02
C: 0.03
D: 0.04
E: 0.05
20: Because bacteria are prokaryotes,
A: they lack nuclei.
B: they reproduce by invading other organisms.
C: lack internal membrane found in human cells
D: All of the above
21: The mitotic spindle first appears during
A: prophase
B: metaphase
C: anaphase
D: telophase
22: Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during
A: prophase
B: metaphase
C: anaphase
D: telophase
23: During mitosis, chromosomes begin to separate during
A: prophase
B: metaphase
C: anaphase
D: telophase
24: Which of the following is true regarding cytoplasmic division?
A: It occurs during the early part of mitosis
B: It is caused by microfilaments that lie beneath the plasma membrane
C: It begins during metaphasis
D: None of the above
25: Germ cells
A: in humans contain 46 chromosomes
B: are diploid
C: contain half the number of chromosomes of somatic cells
D: None of the above
26: Meiosis
A: occurs in all body cells
B: produces diploid gametes
C: involves two cell divisions
D: is identical to mitosis in all respects
27: Human somatic cells
A: contain 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father
B: are best described as haploid
C: undergo meiotic divisions
D: are genetically identical to germ cells
28: Meiosis I
A: is identical to mitosis
B: lacks a distinct metaphase
C: reduces the number of chromosomes in humans from 46 to 23
D: None of the above
29: In the ovary, the number of ova produced during meiosis is
A: one
B: two
C: three
D: four
30: The zygote produced during fertilization
A: divides my meiosis
B: is haploid
C: divides by mitosis
D: None of the above
31: The risk of a mistaken identity using DNA fingerprinting is _____ compared to a risk of error in blood typing of 1 in 1000
A: 1 in 4000
B: 1 in 4 million
C: 1 in 4 billion
D: 1 in 4 trillion
32: DNA
A: consists of two polynucleotide strands
B: is identical to RNA except that RNA consists of a single strand
C: contains two types of bases: purines and pyrimidines
D: a and b
E: a and c
33: A molecule that is not part of a nucleotide is
A: Phosphate
B: ribose
C: nitrogenous base
D: glucose
34: In DNA, hydrogen bonds are
A: nonexistent
B: found between the bases on opposing polynucleotide chains
C: found between sugars and phosphates
D: found between the nitrogen bases and sugar molecules
35: The DNA molecule contains
A: uracil
B: ribose
C: equal numbers of cytosine and thymine
D: contains equal numbers of purines and pyrimidines
36: Viruses
A: are submicroscopic organisms that lack organelles and can only reproduce inside other cells
B: are structurally very similar to eukaryotic cells
C: are considered living organisms
D: are not attacked by the immune system, which is why they are so dangerous
37: Bacteria
A: are eukaryotes that lack nuclei
B: are structurally identical to viruses
C: are prokaryotes that lack distinct organelles
D: cause disease
38: Which of the following is not part of the first line of defense against microorganisms?
A: The skin
B: The lining of the respiratory tract
C: The lining of the intestinal tract
D: The inflammatory response
39: During the inflammatory response
A: mast cells release histamine, causing the blood vessels to constrict
B: the release of prostaglandins at the site of the wound causes pain
C: blood flow to the injured area is reduced to prevent blood loss
D: all of the above
E: none of the above
40: Pyrogens
A: act on the temperature-regulating region of the hypothalamus, raising body temperature
B: are chemicals that lower body temperature, thus protecting the body in case of an invasion by bacteria
C: are one class of interferons
D: increase iron availability, which is detrimental to bacteria