Mr. Winstel was worried about his former star student, Ramon. As the seventh-grade year progressed, Ramon was frequently being called into the principal’s office for skateboard stunts that broke...

Mr. Winstel was worried about his former star student, Ramon. As the seventh-grade year progressed, Ramon was frequently being called into the principal’s office for skateboard stunts that broke school rules and bordered on dangerous. Recently, Ramon’s parents contacted Mr. Winstel to alert him to the fact that Ramon had been skipping school to hang out with some older boys in the neighborhood. Which of the following answers would typically best describe what is happening with Ramon?

A. Ramon’s culture demands that boys of his age begin to engage in behaviors that reflect fearlessness.

B. Ramon’s limbic system is maturing, but his prefrontal lobe has not yet caught up.

C. Ramon is engaging in deviant behaviors as a cry for attention from his parents.

D. Ramon is undergoing a period of synaptic pruning, which causes adolescents to engage in risk-taking behavior