MIDTERM EXAMINATION PLEASE TRANSMIT ANSWERS BY A SINGLE LINK. DO NOT SEND SEPARATE LINKS FOR EACH QUESTION QUESTION 1: (20 POINTS) DEFINE NOMOTHETIC AND IDIOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF...

Running Head: MIDTERM EXAMINATION                        1
MIDTERM EXAMINATION                                16
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Table of Contents
Question 1    3
Question 2    5
Question 3    7
Question 4    9
Question 5    11
References    14
Question 1
The nomothetic approach involves generalized description and perception about the world or human being and understanding them in a large scale under social pattern. On the other hand, idiographic approach includes covering the description as well as the perception by providing much detailed information about a narrower subject of study. In term of personality theory, nomothetic approach looks at what people have in common with each other and this approach simply is interested in finding patterns of human personality (Beck, & Jackson, 2021).
On the other hand, in term of personality theory ideographic approaches deals with the fact that each human being possesses different and unique psychological traits, which might not match each other’s trait. Certain unique traits might be available or present in particularly within one individual and hence, it would be impossible to compare the individual with one another (Beck & Jackson, 2020).
Personality theory like other field of psychological domain is the explanation of different human behavior. It aims to show how human beings are individually different due to psychological forces. Understanding this personality theory is essential as it allows psychologists to predict how people would respond to certain situation and the sort of things they prefer and value. In order to understand this personality theory both the approaches nomothetic and idiographic approaches are essential (Wright et al., 2019).
As mentioned above that nomothetic approach is a generalized concept and describes what people have in common hence, example in this regard would be depression or stress and anxiety as it is a common personality trait that determine the mental of any person. On the other hand, idiographic approach believes in uniqueness and hence comparison with different individual would not go with this phase (Jackson & Harms, 2019).
For example, different individual possesses different personality traits such as one individual might undergo with good singing quality whereas other might have good dancing quality, or who experienced motorbike accident obviously would undergo certain different personality features. In term of personality and psychology, nomothetic approaches do carry certain advantages. As per the psychometric approach, the personality study often compares one individual to another in term of their personality traits or characteristics.
Comparisons are considered as being essential in everyone’s lives because each person does not pose equal features. They are different from one another, but through nomothetic approach they would able to observe that there are basic traits, which others do not have and on the same time they would also notice that there are certain traits others possess are not within the individual, noticing.
In this way, they would able to identify which one is negative trait and which are the positive traits that are influencing others. Hence, as a result the observer would try to rectify their thought processes, their negative traits and would try to follow other’s positive traits. The advantages of this specific approach are, firstly, it is highly scientific as it generalized and localized the functions such as avoiding subjective biases and reliable data.
Secondly, as it possesses the quality to compare, therefore it can predict the common behavioral pattern of each individual such as depression and serotonin. Thirdly, it has high internal validity, which produces the reliable data, controlled measurement aspects from which individual can check and see the effect and cause of their behavioral pattern (Curreri, Woods & Barlow, 2019).
Apart from the advantages, there occur certain disadvantages, which include firstly ignoring subjective experiences. Secondly, it cannot generate rich and in-depth researches about others and hence sometimes comparisons become difficult. Thirdly, wrong personality analysis about others would influence towards wrong track and would hence would lead a depressive lifestyle.
The main advantages of idiographic approach are that it focuses on the individual’s quality and exposes their uniqueness. Apart from this, it also expresses the unique personal experiences of human nature (Jackson & Beck, 2021).
The limitation of this specific approach is that this approach is very time consuming and takes a lot of money to study an individual in-depth. In this regard, using the nomothetic approach once with a questionnaire, designing of psychometric test or experiments would help to collect the data relatively quickly than the idiographic approach (Bhagwatwar, 2021).
Question 2
Humanistic approach emphasizes on the personal worth of the individual, the centrality of human values and the creative and active nature of human being. This particular approach is optimistic and focuses on the noble human capacity to overcome and tackle the hardship, pain and desires. In term of psychological perspectives, humanistic approach emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concept such as free-will, self-efficacy and self-actualization.
In simpler term, humanistic approach values the human needs and culture than the religious belief. In any humanistic learning centers, students are encouraged to take control over their education and motive the students to learn and develop self-interest. Humanistic approach mainly deals with the concept of concerning the interest for human feelings, values and dignity (Dryden, 2017). In term of personality theory, the major aim of humanistic approach is to help a client to develop a stronger and healthier sense of self, which is also called sense of self-actualization.
It motivates and teaches the client, that they have the capacity and the potentiality for self-fulfillment. It suggests that if human being wants then they can easily fulfill the each and all dreams and desires whenever they want. Humanistic approach influences the inner spirit and creative talent of the individual so that they can express their talents in social platform (Stargell et al., 2020).
In term of advantage, humanistic approach offers a new set of values in order to understand the human nature as well as their conditions. It also offers an expanded horizon of methods in the study of human behavior. Human differs due to their different set of behavioral patterns and through this humanistic approach it is better understood who possesses what type of qualities and in what type of circumstances they expose their inner potentialities to solve each and every solution.
Apart from this, it also offered a broader range of more effective method in the professional practice of psychotherapy. Other strength of humanistic approach highlights that this concept entirely focuses on individual behaviors and satisfies the idea of most of the people. It focuses on the importance of more idiographic and individualistic method of study and hence undergoes with the analyzing each individual in-depth.
This is person-centered counselling methods where the clients are allowed to feel more comfortable while communicating with counsellors. Apart from the strength it also possesses certain limitations which includes firstly, it promotes frustration among the clients as this approach allows them to think about themselves, which at times confused them and there are certain types of people who do not want to share their problems and suffers from inferiority complex.
Secondly, humanistic approach is opposite to the deterministic law of science where humanistic approach supports the existence of free will and determinism suggests that there is only a single...