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Midterm ANTH 412/SOCI 412 Take-home Midterm Exam Sp2021 This Take-Home Exam will follow the same guidelines as all written assignments for the course. Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12 point font, 1” margins all around. Your name and Midterm Take-home Exam should be in the header. Be sure to cite your sources (APA citation style preferred, but as long as you are consistent with your citation style on the exam, whatever you use should be fine). Responses to Short Answer Questions should be at least half a page. Responses to Essay Questions should be at least 1-2 pages. As always, there is no page maximum, just a page minimum. So, if you write more than the recommended length, that is perfectly acceptable. The Exam is worth 225 points. Short answer questions are worth up to 22.5 points. Essay questions are worth up to 45 points. 1 ANTH 412/SOCI 412 Take-home Midterm Exam Sp2021 Short Answer Questions (22.5 points each): Choose 4 (FOUR) of the following questions to answer. Responses to Short Answer Questions should be at least half a page. Be sure to cite your sources. 1. What is human trafficking? What is sex trafficking? How/why do these fit under Bales’ definition of slavery? 2. What are NGOs? And why have they been increasingly important in the fight against slavery? 3. Why is it difficult to measure slavery, especially today? 4. How has globalization transformed slavery? 5. What is chattel slavery? How does it differ from other forms of slavery? 6. According to Kevin Bales in Global Slavery, and lecture, what are three ways that modern day slavery differs from historical forms of slavery? 7. Kevin Bales in Global Slavery argues that the outcomes of slavery are roughly the same as they have always been, but the forms are different. What does he mean by that? 8. Kevin Bales in Global Slavery (& in the video: Definition of slavery”) argues that older legal definitions of slavery as “one person owning another person” are limited in scope and miss multiple forms of slavery, especially present day. What does Kevin argue is a more appropriate (& inclusive) definition of slavery? Why is it a better definition? 9. Why is the Code of Hammurabi important to our understanding of the history of slavery & when it began? 10. In the ancient world, where were slaves most likely to come from? (i.e. what were some of the most common reasons a person was enslaved?) 11. In the ancient world, what was the prevailing attitude toward slavery? Why was this the way that most people viewed slavery at that time? 12. Why has coming to a clear definition of slavery been so riddled with difficulty? What does Bales argue is the challenge in creating such definitions? 13. In Chapter 1 of Global Slavery, Kevin Bales asks the question – why are some vulnerable people enslaved and others are not? What answer does he give and why does he argue that it can sometimes be more complicated that it looks at first? 2 ANTH 412/SOCI 412 Take-home Midterm Exam Sp2021 14. In Asia, where was slavery practiced the longest? What was the reason given for why slavery lasted so long in that country? What is the current status of that country in its present day state? (Hint: today this country has been divided and is now two distinct countries) 15. Slavery was practiced to some degree throughout the Americas, but it began to have a different design when Europeans came to the “new world”. How did the slavery practiced by Europeans differ from that practiced by the Native peoples of Latin America & North America? Essay Questions (45 points each) Choose 3 (THREE) of the following questions to answer. Essay questions should be at least 1-2 pages. Be sure to cite your sources. 1. In the first chapter of Foul Means, “Soul Murder & Slavery”, what does the author mean by the term “soul murder” and how does it relate to the violence suffered by most slaves in the American south? 2. In the same article, Toqueville is quoted as saying that while slavery was “cruel to the slave”, it was “fatal to the master”. This echoes a sentiment that Bales makes in his book, Global Slavery”, in which he argues that slavery damages the master too, as well as the society. What do they mean by this? How is slavery harmful to the slaveholders, as well to the slaves? How is it harmful to society? 3. During lecture (& in one of the videos we watched), religion is discussed as having had two functions in the American south. The white slaveholders used their religion to justify their actions, and the black slaves use religion as a form of both solace & resistance. How did the slaveholders use their religion to absolve themselves of the responsibility of oppressing black slaves? In what ways did slaves use religion as a form of solace & resistance? How did this help them to find and navigate the Underground Railroad? 4. What was the difference in how ancient Romans, Greeks, & Egyptians treated slaves, and how they viewed them? 5. Slavery was fairly common throughout most of Asia, on and off, through the past two thousand years. How did practices differ in the different countries we discussed? How were they similar? 3 ANTH 412/SOCI 412 Take-home Midterm Exam Sp2021 6. In terms of Europeans & slavery, there were some interesting differences in how slaves were treated in Latin America versus in North America, especially in the colonies that would eventually become the United States of America. What were some of the notable differences between the treatment of slaves in Latin America and those in what would later be the southern states of the U.S.A.? 7. How did slavery in Canada differ from slavery in the U.S.A.? In what ways was it similar? When did Canada’s laws change around slavery? How did Canada come to be viewed by slaves and abolitionists in the U.S. in the early to mid-1800s? Why is this important? 8. In 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in southern states. In 1865, the 13th Amendment was passed. In lecture, we discussed, briefly, that the 13th Amendment has some problematic language that was quickly exploited. What was the specific wording that shows that this Amendment was not as all- inclusive in granting freedom as it claims to be? 9. In Chapter 2 of Foul Means, the story of Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas is analyzed. The author argues that white women in the patriarchal antebellum and post-civil war era were also oppressed, but felt that they couldn’t speak out about it. What is the author referring to & what does he suggest are some of the difficulties that these women experienced? How does she resolve her own racism with the sexism she experiences (or does she)? 10. Why were the Quakers important to what would become the abolitionist movement & to the changing views of slavery from economic to evil? (See Bales Ch 2, video: Crash Course in History: The Quakers, the Dutch, & the Ladies) 4