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Microsoft Word - 001 MGT737 Progress Report Marking - Hamish Goodall.docx Applied Business, BUS750 Advanced Business Project, 20/02/2019 Assessment 1: Progress Report Marking Rubric (10% total for 3 submissions) Marking Criteria A B C D E Mark Key terms are being defined X Relevant and valid information being used X Sources are academic literature X Evidence of a clear concept map X Material is related to the research question X Ideas are being synthesised Suitable underpinning theory explored & applied X Demonstrates appropriate work for allocated hours X APA 6 Ed in text referencing used expertly X In text referencing happens consistently X APA 6 Ed bibliographical referencing used expertly X Writing is understandable X All sources are in the bibliography. X Clear outline of method is emerging X Method contains enough detail X Sound rationale for chosen method X Logical participant group chosen X Method relates well to the research question X Methodology is being explored X Methodology components are clearly understood X Good quality methodology literature being explored X Demonstrates appropriate work for allocated hours X Writing is understandable X All sources are in the bibliography. X Research question changes advised (or 'no change') X Changes in aims and operationalisation are explained X Research question change rationale is explained X Old version is supplied to demonstrate change X Barriers are explained X Personal constraints detailed, with solutions provided X Clear research plan supplied X Plan contains enough detail X Focus is on research tasks (not class requirements) X Plan details tasks to date of next submission X Plan includes at least 20 hours per week X Clear reporting to plan supplied X Plan contains enough detail X Focus is on research tasks (not class requirements) X Report details tasks from date of last submission X Plan includes at least 20 hours per week X 0.00 0.00 3.18 Comments: Similarity score (0% if no penalty; if 10% or over, penalty applies) 0% Late penalty (20% for the first day, 10%/day thereafter) 0% TOTAL MARKS (95%) Reporting on research tasks completed 0.50x/.05 Future research task planning 0.50x/.05 Changes of direction & constraints 0.33x/.33 1.00 x/1 Methodology & primary data Section Literature review & secondary data 0.85 x/1 Student Name: Hamish Goodall Project Title: Is it time for a four‐day working week In New Zealand? Applied Business, BUS750 Advanced Business Project, 20/02/2019 Marking Criteria A B C D E MarkSection Good Introduction. Good literature. You’ve used your time well, but you should be writing this up as literature review now, with more synthesis. Please provide a heading for each section as it introduces the material and makes it easier to put in context. The rest of the work is spot on. Excellent. ADVANCED APPLIED MANAGEMENT (MGT737) Progress Report 3 Semester One 2018 (Business Tech, 2014) FOUR‐DAY WORKING WEEK AND NON‐SHIFT WORKERS IN NZ Hamish Goodall Student ID: 13464039 Lecturer: Sam Young Supervisor: Andi Jones Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 2 of 1 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Section One: Secondary Research ................................................................................................................. 3 Section Two: Primary Research ..................................................................................................................... 5 Section Three: Emphasis Changes ................................................................................................................. 6 Section Four: Other Information ................................................................................................................... 9 Section Five: Coming Weeks’ Plan (16th April 2018 – 16th April 2018) ........................................................ 10 Section Six: Actual to Plan Thus Far (19th March 2018 – 16th April 2018) ................................................ 11 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Introduction I decided to look at is a four‐day working week and three‐day weekends practical in New Zealand. The idea was sparked from the well‐publicised Perpetual Guardian six‐week trial into four‐day working weeks. This trial will begin next month (Nadakri, 2018). I have decided to look at the four‐day working week with a focus on work/life balance, job satisfaction and job satisfaction within New Zealand. I feel the scope will continue to be defined as I endure the journey of this MGT737 research project. Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 3 of 1 Section One: Secondary Research The following is secondary research examined and reviewed for the period of 19th March – 16th April. (Stock, 2018) The four‐day working week experiment at Perpetual Guardian is going well and looks set to be extended according to Perpetual Guardian founder Andrew Barnes. Barnes believes that the new four‐day working week is a real option will become part of a new normal working week. Perpetual Guardian have noticed some people to react more positively and quickly to the trial compared to others. The idea behind the concept was people spend a lot of time during a normal working week on un productive activities rather than focusing on actual work. Andrew Barnes said "If you incentivise people to say 'Gosh, if I can do my work in four days, I get a day off', there's every likelihood that productivity will rise.” The rule is Perpetual Guardian will only allow staff to have a four‐day working week as if they get all the work they would normally do in a five‐day working week. The reason is staff are still contracted to do five‐days equivalent of work. Barnes said “"Our process says your working week is five days, but if you can do your work in four, we will give you the day off,” Staff can choose what day of the week they would like off, so an example is if Wednesday is a quiet day then staff can have a mid‐week break. An example is Kirsten Taylor who is a manager for philanthropy services. She works harder during the week but gets to spend more time with her young son Leo. Staff have said they get to spend more time with family, friends, hobbies and doing things such as car and house maintenance. (Armstrong‐Stassen, 1998) The compressed working week involves reallocating the work time by condensing the total hours worked in a traditional week into fewer days. This is typically a 4/40 week. Attitudes towards a compressed working week tend to be positive. It has been found a compressed work week has a positive impact on work and family life. Compressed working week has found job satisfaction towards their role had increased. A major issue researched is when workers are at work that they feel a bit fatigued. It has been found decrease in productivity due to decreased reaction time, reduced cognitive functioning, and decreased alertness. In 1998, three fifths of those who had an option of a four‐day working week took up the option. It is important to look at the job and work out how a compressed working week is best suited to the organisation who implements it. (Townsend, Lingard, Bradley, & Brown, 2011) Overwhelming majority supported a compressed working week. Contractors were happy as it gave them more time to relax and recovery from the working week. At the end of the trial 2 people surveyed preferred the traditional working week. In terms of productivity a project was completed 6 months ahead of schedule and under budget. There was also a reduction of health and safety incidents. The reason why construction companies implemented these polices was to ensure employees were mentally well through achieving work/life balance and to ensure longer Gevity of the construction workers bodies. (Martens, Nijhuis, Van Boxtel, & Knottnerus, 1999) Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 4 of 1 By working a compressed working week, it has been found that employees experienced 40% more health related issues and people who worked compressed hours tend to have less quality of sleep. The reason for this is the working week is more intense for a person who works a four‐day working week in which means it is highly likely these workers will experience struggles with sleeping. It was also found condensed working weeks lead to issues around well‐being and the quality of work‐life balance. (Mariappanadar & Kramar, 2014) This study found compressed working weeks tend to increase harm to employees whilst at the same time an organisation has reduced profitability. This is due to declines in productivity. (McNall, Masuda, & Nicklin, 2010) A four‐day working week helps with work/life balance and job satisfaction. (Saltzstein, Ting, & Saltzstein, 2001) This study found that a compressed working schedule meant employees received a greater work/life balance as there was more flexibility of being able to have leisure time or hanging out with the family. The study found a compressed working week lead to increased job satisfaction, productivity and company loyalty. Issues for some was whilst working a compressed working week was to find appropriate child care. The only reason for this is child care centres tend to work normal business hours causing issues for some individuals. This however is outside the scope of research. (Grabe, 2012) This article looks at how a compressed working week impacts individuals who have families. It was found a compressed working week enhanced employee retention, recruitment, productivity and loyalty to an organisation. (Schmidt & Duenas, 2002) Family and life pressures impact on an employees’ productivity. A solution suggested by the article that a compressed working week could be a solution. (Lankford, 1998) HP trialled the four‐ten‐hour working day week. The aim was to increase productivity however HP experienced problems including decreased customer service. Productivity per an employee increased but when at work the employees felt overworked and did not like their jobs. (Pittaway, 2015) Compressed working weeks are popular with those with children. Some people gain additional job satisfaction as they are more satisfied with their own lives. It is highlighted compressed working week works best when both employees and employers agree. (Memis, 2016) A four‐day working week leads to citizens having a better quality of life. Due to technological and productivity gains this is a way worker can reap benefit from this. This however suggest to the researcher that organisations will suffer a decrease on productivity levels due to this. (Lewis & Humbert, 2010) This article looks at organisations that offer a four‐day working week. The four‐day working week tends to be at more intensity compared to a five‐day working week leading to employees experiencing additional stress. However, an extra day a week allows employees to spend more time on personal activities such as looking after children or fulfilling errands. Employees who tend to work a four‐day working week still feel like they need to keep them contactable on the day they have off. Employees have found slight levels of Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 5 of 1 increased productivity. Some employees refuse working a four‐day working week as they feel the quality of their work would be compromised if this were to happen. Some organisations use a four‐day working week as a golden hand cuff to retain and staff and to stop them from moving to other organisations. This is however out of the scope of research. Four‐day working weeks seem to be more common with woman however this is outside the scope of research. (Boushey, 2011) A four‐day working week generally lead to an increased work/life balance. The 2008 Utah state trial found employees experienced less work/life conflict and levels of productivity within organisations increased. Despite this the Utah state government did not continue with the trials. There have been issues of workers working a condensed working week due to employees working over the additional hours you allowed to work. According to this article, New Zealand is not the case. (Mas‐Machuca, Berbegal‐Mirabent, & Alegre, 2016) This paper looks at the relationship between work/life balance and job satisfaction. It is stated that work/life balance does enhance job satisfaction. (Kultalahti & Liisa Viitala, 2014) This paper looks at Herzberg two factor motivation theory in regards of what motivates millennials. Although generational factors are outside the scope of research this paper found that a compressed working week is a positive motivator in their work. Herzberg theory states that motivation caused by hygiene factors and is a demotivator however this paper states that a compressed four day working week influenced the generation y motivation towards work. It is also found that work/life balance was a motivating factor despite Herzberg saying that work/life balance was a hygiene factor in which doesn’t contribute to motivation or increased job satisfaction. (Employment New Zealand) This report issued from the New Zealand government states that a four‐day working week can help to increase staff morale and decreasing job absenteeism. It is also states that employers, employees and their families all benefit. (Diversitas) This report was commissioned by Employment New Zealand and was designed to create a flexible work toolkit for organisations. The New Zealand government considers condensed hours to be 37.5 hours over a four‐day working week of 9.38 hours a day. The report stated that this policy is designed for organisations to achieve the same from their employees whilst the worker can achieve a greater work/life balance. The benefits are compressed workers tend to get more done in a shorter period leading to more productivity. (Rudman, 2012, pp. 255‐256) It has been found that where employees offer working arrangements such as a four‐day working week that there is a positive influence on work/life balance and job satisfaction. Section Two: Primary Research As per previous progress reports and the research proposal it is intended that the research will be of a subjective, critical nature due to the research involving human participants (Veal,2005, p.24). Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 6 of 1 The primary research that the research will examine is mainly of qualitative nature. There will be minimal quantitative research when required. This allows for apple versus apple comparisons. The data collected will assist in providing insight and help to answer my overall research questions and aims. The primary data collection method that will be used is in‐depth questionnaires/surveys. The reason why questionnaires have been selected is that it is a method which allows for a greater volume of data collection. Due to the research being focused in New Zealand a questionnaire is a practical option due to limited budget as it is almost not viable organising interviews with people throughout New Zealand. A survey will be suitable to give an employees perspective on the potential for a four‐day working week with a focus on work/life balance, job satisfaction and productivity. The questionnaire would be created and analysed through the assistance of Survey Monkey and or Microsoft Excel. If this method were to be used there would be a range of questions including the potential for a couple of open ended questions. At this current point of time I am researching what organisations I should approach and ask whether they can put my link onto survey monkey so non‐shift workers who work a condensed working week can fill out. I am currently in the process in writing up draft survey questions in which I will send to Andi in which the draft has been completed. Section Three: Emphasis Changes Since Progress Report 2, It has been decided that the overall research question is How can a four‐day working week for non‐shift workers influence work/life balance, job satisfaction and employees productivity in New Zealand? The research aims are the following: 1. Identify how a four‐day working week impacts the work/life balance of non‐shift workers 2. Examine if a four‐day working week leads to increased job satisfaction for non‐shift workers 3. Discover if non‐shift workers experience any changes in productivity due to a four‐day working week. In the REA the main changes so far have included the following: The summary of research and methodology section has changed from this: In New Zealand it is almost unheard‐of employers offering non‐shift workers the opportunity to work a full‐time equivalent in a four‐day working week. This was evident when in the early months of 2018, Perpetual Guardian began its trials into a four‐day working week and if successful will become normal practise in their organisation. Perpetual Guardian is an estate and trust planning business based in New Zealand. The trial and the researcher observing that some individuals are making less time available for friends and family sparked my research idea. The overarching research question is: How can a four‐day working week for non‐shift workers influence work/life balance, job satisfaction and employees productivity in New Zealand? The following are aims of the proposed research: 1. Identify how a four‐day working week impacts the work/life balance of non‐shift workers 2. Examine if a four‐day working week leads to increased job satisfaction for non‐shift workers Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 7 of 1 3. Discover if non‐shift workers experience any changes in productivity due to a four‐day working week. Primary research will be conducted by using an anonymous online survey. The online survey will be constructed and analysed through Survey Monkey. The researcher will contact companies that offer non‐shift workers a full‐time four‐day a week working arrangements to post the Survey Monkey link on their intranet. The questionnaire is targeted at those who are or have worked a four‐day fulltime working week in New Zealand and ask questions about these individuals experiences. The link will also be shared amongst online platforms such as Facebook, LinkedIn and NMIT Moodle. If I am unable to access the target population for reasons such as companies will not post the survey monkey link on their companies’ intranet, then the researchers backup plan is to make minor adjustments to the survey and possibly research. Instead, individuals who are non‐shift works and work a traditional five‐day working in New Zealand will be asked about their views of working a full‐ time equivalent in a four‐day week. To this….. In New Zealand it is almost unheard‐of employers offering non‐shift workers the opportunity to work a full‐time equivalent in a four‐day working week. There has been extensive research done regarding a four‐day working week globally however little to none in New Zealand. The aims of research are to 1. Identify how a four/day working week impacts the work/life balance of non‐shift workers in New Zealand, 2. Examine if a four‐day working week leads to increased job satisfaction in New Zealand and 3. Discover if non‐shift workers experience any changes in productivity due to a four‐day working week. An online survey will be constructed and analysed through Survey Monkey. The researcher will contact organisations that offer non‐shift workers a full‐time four‐day a week working arrangements to post the Survey Monkey link on their intranet. The Survey Monkey link will also be shared via NMIT Moodle, Facebook and LinkedIn in aim of the survey attracting those who do a four‐day full time working week but do not work for an organisation I have contacted. The questionnaire is targeted at those who are or have worked a four‐day fulltime working week in New Zealand and ask questions about their individuals experiences. Due to the researcher not knowing who is participating there is a potential for vulnerable participants to complete the survey. To minimise this ethical implication, there will be screening questions such as are you over 18? If answered no, then the participant will not be able to complete the survey. The informed consent form has changed from this Before completing the questionnaire, the Survey Monkey will display the following informed consent form in which all participants must agree to before proceeding to the survey: Title: Four‐Day Working week and Non‐Shift Workers in NZ. Hello, Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 8 of 1 My name is Hamish Goodall and I am currently in my final semester of studying towards my Bachelor of Commerce at Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT). I am currently undertaking an applied management research paper as part of my studies. I am researching a four‐day working week in respects to work/life balance, job satisfaction and productivity. I am looking for over 18‐year olds who have experienced or currently experienced a four‐day working week in a role which does not involve shift work. The survey should take approximately 10‐15 minutes to complete. This survey does not collect identifying information and all efforts will be made to maintain confidentiality. The researcher greatly appreciates your involvement and the time taken to assist with this valuable research. Should you choose not to participate or not complete the survey you will not be disadvantaged in any way. If you choose to complete the survey, it is important to understand the following: I understand my responses will remain confidential and anonymous at all times. I understand the data will be securely stored on a password protected laptop which can only be accessed by the researcher as well as on the NMIT’s Applied Business password protected Survey Monkey account. Data will be destroyed within 2 years of collection. I understand I can withdraw from the survey anytime whilst completing the survey. I understand that once I have submitted my survey response that I will be unable to withdraw it. I understand the views and opinions I express are my own. I understand my survey response will be used as part of the findings section of the final research report. Once results are published there will be no identifiable information. If I would like a copy of the final report, then email: Hamish‐
[email protected]. I have read and understand the information above and wish to participate in the research Yes [ ] No [ ] If you would like to know more about this survey then please get in contact with me: Hamish‐
[email protected] or my supervisor:
[email protected]. Thank you for taking the time to complete the survey and warm regards, Hamish Goodall To this… Title: Four‐Day Working week and Non‐Shift Workers in NZ. My name is Hamish Goodall and I am currently in my final semester of studying towards my Bachelor of Commerce at NMIT. I am researching a four‐day working week in respects to work/life balance, job satisfaction and productivity. I am looking for over 18‐year olds who have experienced or currently experience a four‐day working week in a role which does not involve shift work. The survey should take approximately 10‐15 minutes to complete. This survey does not collect identifying information and all efforts will be made to maintain confidentiality. Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 9 of 1 The researcher greatly appreciates your involvement and the time taken to assist with this valuable research. Should you chose not to participate or not complete the survey you will not be disadvantaged in any way. If you would like to know more then please contact me: Hamish‐
[email protected] or my supervisor:
[email protected]. Thank you and warm regards, Hamish Goodall Please click Next if you agree to the survey terms mentioned above. Changes from the proposal include the following Updating the bibliography to ensure everything is referenced properly. Updates to the informed consent form. Instead of making the entire final report available to people who request a copy. A summary will be sent instead. This can be requested by emailing the researcher. Due to the uncertainty around the acceptance of the REA, the plan is not being edited due to uncertainty around timing. More detailed plans will be made once it becomes clearer on timing of this project. The limitations of the report have been updated to say the findings of the report inly reflect the population surveyed. Please find my modified literature review in the embedded link below: Hamish lit review 11418.docx Section Four: Other Information This progress does not look like much has been completed however during this period I have spent a considerable amount of time completing the preparing for a presentation, research proposal, continually editing REA form and starting to compile and complete the literature review for the final research report. I am in the process of drafting survey questions and forming the final report word template. I would estimate I have spent over 20 hours a week on MGT737 over the last few weeks. Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 10 of Section Five: Coming Weeks’ Plan (23rd April 2018 – 7th May 2018) Task Contact/look at Due time/Date Completed Get either Andi and Sam to look over survey questions before sending out and making the survey link publicly available 1 hour Andi Jones and Sam Young Unsure on timing but hopefully before the 25th April. Once REA has been approved, ask organisations to put Survey Monkey link on their intranet. Share with personal networks if necessary. This is as back up. 4 hours Discuss with Andi Jones about the best way of doing this. ASAP, (Dependent on how long REA approval takes) Remember to send out reminder emails to ensure people fill out survey. Do this approximately one week out from submitting link. 1‐2 hours Discuss with Andi Jones and or Sam Young about the best way of doing this Unsure at this stage due to REA approval process Close Survey Monkey link approximately two weeks after link made public 30 Minutes Survey Monkey Unsure at this stage due to REA approval process Analyse Survey Monkey Results 10 hours Discuss with Andi and others about best way to analyse results Aiming for 7th of May however this is dependent on how quickly I can get REA approval and how quickly I can get enough Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 11 of responses. (I think this will be later than this date at this stage) Continue Secondary Research 10 hours ProQuest, Google Scholar and other databases and text books. 7th May Start to write sections of the final report 20 hours Throughout this period Start to prepare Assessment 4 PowerPoint presentation 10 hours Hopefully start the week of 1‐6 May. Complete Progress Report 4 3 hours Andi Jones 6th May 2018, 8pm Section Six: Actual to Plan Thus Far (19th March 2018 – 16th April 2018) Task Contact/ look at Due Date/Time Completed Confirm research aims/objectives – 2 hours Discuss with Andi Jones/ Sam Young Before 21st March Completed‐ may have slight modification as needed Confirm Methodology to use‐ 2 hours Before 23rd March Confirmed Continue to collect secondary research and develop primary literature review 20 hours Before 28th March This is continuing to happen. Have estimated that have collected and analysed about 50 articles to date Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 12 of Discuss with supervisor proposal before presentation‐1 hour Andi Jones Before 23rd March Done Develop and Practise Oral Presentation – 4 hours Before 25th March Done Fill Out REA form‐ 2 hours Research Director, Sam Young and Andi Jones Before 4th April Completed Make any necessary changes to REA and Proposal if needed – Unknown hours Andi Jones Before 9th April As at 10th April, still have not received results so unknown what modifications are required so am behind in this regard. I did submit a resubmission however still waiting for what if any changes are needed to be made. If haven’t heard by Monday 23rd April, Morning then I will send a follow up email to Andi. Complete Research Proposal and submit into turn it in 20 hours Before April 4th This has been completed Whilst waiting REA continue secondary research, develop interview and survey templates and have set up final report template and workout who to survey or interview. Ballpark 40 hours Before 23rd April Hamish Goodall Student ID:13464039 MGT737: Hamish Goodall Advanced Applied Management Research Progress Report Three Page 13 of Bibliography Armstrong‐Stassen, M. (1998, Feburary‐May). Alternative work arrangements: meeting the challenges