MGT5OBR ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOURAssessment 2: Individual AssignmentThe purpose of this essay is to get you to prepare for the Organisational Behaviour group assignment(Assessment 3).Your task is to...

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Introduction:
    Theory of principle scientific management was developed by F.W. Taylor and it was published in 1911.Main objectives of this theory is improving the labour productivity. He developed five principles of scientific management; they are 1.Replacing rule of thumb with science, 2.Harmony in group action, 3.Cooperation, 4.Maximum output and 5.Development of workers. Henry Fayol in 1916 framed a theory to address simple and easy management of a organisation in his book ‘Administration Industrielle Generale’. He framed the theory based on the experience of working in coal mining firm. He contributed 14principles of management; they are 1.Division of work, 2.Authority, 3.Unity of Command, 4.Discipline, 5. Unity of direction, 6.Centralization, 7.Remuneration, 8.Individual interest should sum up into a collective interest, 9.Scalar chain, 10.Stability of tenure personnel, 11 Equity, 12.Order, 13.Initiative, 14.Morale.
Analysing and critically examining Taylor’s scientific management theory:
1. Replacing rule of thumb with science: Rule of thumb is a traditional method .it involves the decision of manager based on the past experiences. Taylor replaces this method with scientific method. Scientific principle of management states that the work assigned to a particular labour should be observed and analysed with respect to each and every element and part of work and time involved in the production. Under this management decisions are made based on the facts and by applying scientific methods. For example foreman is the superior in the factory setup production floor. He faces the labour daily and observe their productivity, he involves in each and every stage of entire production, planning, implementation and controlling the production process. Taylor’s scientific method involves a work study technique that includes motion study, method study, fatigue study and time study. Method study involves several parameters starting from procurement of raw material and finished product which are delivered to the customer. It is employed in automobile manufacturing sector where assembly line production was employed in production process involves the alignment of labours, raw materials and techniques. To avoid unnecessary movement in work place motion method is employed in order to ensure the efficiency and utilisation of working hours. Time study helps to determine the productivity of a worker per hour. Fatigue study helps to determine the interval time in order to improve the efficiency of worker.
2. Harmony in group action: There is always a conflict between management and labours in a firm. Labours always have the feeling of overburdened with the work and management always think that labours are under utilized in the production .Taylors suggest there should be a equal and positive coordination between the labours and managements. If both the groups worked in an efficient manner it results in efficiency and productivity of labours. Managers should ensure good work environment and positive work culture for labours and also encourage by addressing the achievement of the labours. In turn the labours should work efficiently by increasing the productivity rate. Both labours and management should work as a family member with one goal; it will results in improving the prosperity of the firm. This principle will have positive impacts such as organisation goals are achieved easily, team strength will be developed, and morale of employees will be high, positive relationship between both managers and workers.
3. Cooperation: People should not act individually; any decision of organisation must involve the team suggestion. If labours act co-ordinately it will improve the productivity of organisation by improving mutualism and helps to solve conflicts between them.
4. Maximum output Principle: Basic objective of each and every firm is maximising the output in order to survive in the market to attain growth and development of a firm. Taylor addressed in his principle to maximise the output in his principle of scientific management. Both worker and management should work towards maximising the output production based on addressing the scientific method. Scientific method like analysing the per hour productivity of the labour and encourages the high productivity labour by providing some incentives, low productivity labour will increase their productivity by seeing other worker who is getting incentives. Mangers should also...