McLuhan’s perspective, for instance, has been criticized for its overreliance on technology as the key influencer of change in society. According to critical cultural scholar Raymond Williams (1974),...

McLuhan’s perspective, for instance, has been criticized for its overreliance on technology as the key influencer of change in society. According to critical cultural scholar Raymond Williams (1974), the media determinism approach undermines human agency, social movements, and different uses of technologies that define media processes.