Max 2000 words including reference. The actual report no more or less then 1500, 50+- is fine.

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Max 2000 words including reference. The actual report no more or less then 1500, 50+- is fine.


AB614- GUIDELINES FOR ORAL PRESENTATION ONPS2388 - GUIDELINES FOR UNDERGADUATE REPORT- VACCINES The report forms part of the assessment for the course- it is worth 35% of the final mark. Due date for written report: midnight Sunday 16th October. The report is to be submitted through the Turnitin Assessment task dropbox. Late submission will be penalised at 2 marks per day. As a general indication, the Turnitin % match should be less than 10% (excluding references). The way to ensure this is to write everything yourself! Do not copy and paste, even if you rearrange. This is plagiarism. You can submit to Turnitin as often as you like up to the due date. Just overwrite the old submission. The report is to be up to 2,000 words in length, excluding references (no less than 1,500). Put the word count on the Title page (excluding references). The report should contain such divisions as a Title page, table of contents, introductory paragraph, various sections describing your findings, a concluding paragraph and bibliography. Figures are welcome, but if they are not your own, must be referenced. The report must include references from the primary literature (e.g. PubMed). References must be cited correctly in-text and listed at the end of the report, using any standard referencing style, but be consistent. Topic: Discuss the concept of vaccination. What are the various types of vaccinations, and how do they stimulate the various arms of the immune system? Give some examples of various types of vaccines. What are some of the newer types of vaccines in development? Write one section (several paragraphs) on the various vaccines against Covid-19. Information about this can be found at the WHO website, and in the PubMed literature. What are the advantages/disadvantages of the different Covid vaccines? The report should contain such divisions as a Title page, table of contents, introductory paragraph, various sections describing your findings, a concluding paragraph and bibliography. Figures are welcome, but if they are not your own, must be referenced. The report must include references from the primary literature (e.g. PubMed). References must be cited correctly in-text and listed at the end of the report, using any standard referencing style, but be consistent. I am happy to discuss the report with you to make sure you understand what I want. Assessment The report will be assessed by the following criteria: Content: Quality of the vaccine overview and discussion of the examples chosen (Marked out of 15) You should have an introduction that describes the concept of vaccination, perhaps some of the history, and then describes in some detail the various types of vaccines, both in use and in development, including vaccines targeting Covid-19. A detailed basic summary of the immune system IS NOT required. Demonstration of Understanding of Immunological Principles and Applications (out of 12) You need to describe the immune mechanisms in good detail to get high marks. In particular, how is the immune system harnessed by the vaccines to elicit protective immunity? Quality of writing and communication/ Presentation/Logic/Flow of Report (out of 8) Grammar should be good, 2 marks off if lots of errors / typos. Referencing should be correct, and there should be at least eight recent publications (last three years). Total references should be 20-30. English language rubric.docx RMIT Classification: Trusted Academic and Communication Skills Essay Writing Rubric Task response Good response Satisfactory response Unsatisfactory response Links Purpose Understanding and addressing the task Appropriate, relevant Key points covered Understands the task and the information but not all key points are included or fully developed Not demonstrated an understanding of the topic Information often inaccurate or irrelevant Planning and assignment Structure argument introduction conclusion paragraphs Easy to follow Clear argument Context, topic and main ideas Summing up One main idea (in a topic sentence); linked to overall idea Not always easy to follow Evidence of an overall argument, does not address the three main areas adequately Conclusion attempted but does not appropriately sum up the argument presented; main idea not always clear Difficult to follow argument attempted but does not fully address the context, topic and main ideas no clear conclusion lacks a main idea Essay structure Quicktip Essay structure Tutorial Research Integrating evidence Paraphrasing/ synthesising Referencing citing Paraphrases and synthesises information in own words; Quotes used sparingly Information is correctly referenced –in-text and in reference list Some ability to express ideas in own words Aware of required system and how it should be used Relies heavily on words and passages copied from texts Referencing requirements not followed Paraphrasing Paraphrasing tutorial Integrating references Referencing - Sentences Grammar Vocabulary Spelling Range of sentences Few errors Good use of appropriate words Correct Some errors but do not interfere with meaning Vocabulary adequate for the task occasional errors. Some difficulty with subject-specific words, terms Generally correct, some errors Errors are frequent, making understanding difficult Limited vocabulary, words often incorrect or incorrectly used Numerous errors, spell check not used Sentence construction Spelling Feedback Writing communicates meaning clearly and achieves purpose of the task Writing generally communicates effectively but logic and meaning not always clear Logic and meaning not clear
Answered 12 days AfterOct 04, 2022

Answer To: Max 2000 words including reference. The actual report no more or less then 1500, 50+- is fine.

P answered on Oct 09 2022
70 Votes
Overview and importance of vaccination
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Review of Literature    3
Overview of vaccines with examples    3
Live Attenuated vaccines    4
Killed or Inactivated Vaccines    5
Toxoids    5
Subunit and Conjugate vaccines    5
mRNA vaccines -COVID-19 vaccines    5
Immunological principles & Applications    8
Immunological principle    8
The applications of vaccination are shown below    8
Conclusion    8
References    10
Introduction
The
development of the vaccination has started from several yeast to prevent various infections and illness. Advances in the technology has helped the people to develop vaccines for severe infections (Rappuoli et.al., 2011). Vaccination is the process of administration of vaccines to boost the immune system and work effectively to fight against the pathogen and prevent the future invasion (Hajj Hussein et.al., 2015). Based on the type of disease, there are several types of vaccines have developed. The first viral vaccine developed in lab to treat Rabies in humans (Krup et.al., 2021). At presents vaccines are used against various diseases such as Chickenpox, flue, COVID-19 etc. The different types of vaccines currently in use are Inactivated vaccines, Live-attenuated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, recombinant vaccines, conjugates, toxoids and viral vector vaccines (Ghattas et.al., 2021). Depending on the vaccine the process of development will differ for each vaccine. Vaccine will improve the working capability immunity and reduces the risk of diseases and protects from serious illness or complications (Netea et.al., 2020). Vaccines are designed to prevent the diseases and to overcome the economic costs associates with serious illness to prevent the disease (Chumakov et.al., 2021). Recommendations of the vaccines is very essential to protect both the public and personal health (Honein et.al., 2020). In the present study, an overview of different types of vaccines, their advantages, disadvantages and the immunological principle behind the improvement of immunity will be discussed.
Review of Literature
Overview of vaccines with examples
Depending on the process of vaccine development (Figure 1), there are different types of vaccines (Figure 2).
Figure 1. Three different approaches to make vaccines (World Health Organization, 2021)
Figure 2. Different types of vaccines (World Health Organization, 2021)
They are:
Live Attenuated vaccines
These vaccines are developed by inactivating the replication mechanism using cell culture or chick embryos (Hasen & Barrett, 2021). The most common method of developing the live attenuated vaccines is passing by the disease-causing virus through various series of non-host cell cultures / embryos nearly 200 times to produce a virus that retains its pathogenic protein but without replication capacity. This helps to prevents the future infections against pathogens. The most promising concern of this vaccine is to prevent the reversion of attenuated virus as mutations may cause more virulent strain (Zohu & Yang, 2021). The immunity provided by this vaccination last longer when compares to the killed or inactivated vaccine.
The limitations of the live attenuated vaccines is they cannot be administered to people with weak immune system, those who have organ transplants, long-term diseases, etc. (Pergam et.al., 2019)
Ex. Measles, rotavirus, smallpox virus etc.
Killed or Inactivated Vaccines
In this method the vaccines are developed by either killing the pathogen by using heat or chemicals such as formaldehyde or formalin (Mai et.al., 2021). Because these inactivated vaccines will not replicate inside the human body because the immune system will recognize the intact properties of the pathogen. This provides shorter immunity and additional booster doses of the vaccine is required for increasing the immunity.
Ex: Hepatitis A, Flu, Polio, Rabies
Toxoids
Some human diseases are not caused by pathogens they are caused by the pathogen products (Marshall et.al., 2019). These are the pathogen products that causes the disease. The pathogen product is inactivated and administered as vaccine. The inactivation of the product can be done by using various process such as chemicals, heat or other methods (Van Impe et.al., 2018). The developed vaccines are protected against this pathogen product. Even these vaccines require booster doses.
Ex: Diphtheria or Tetanus
Subunit and Conjugate vaccines
These vaccines are the parts of the pathogen which...
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