Match the descriptions below with the correct design type:
(a) longitudinal, (b) cross-sectional, (c) cohort-sequential, (d) discrete trials small-n design, (e) baseline smalln design.
1. Two participants each complete 5,000 trials of a cognitive task to mathematically describe performance on the task.
2. Separate groups of 9-year-olds, 20-year-olds, and 50-year-olds complete a personality survey to determine if scores change with age.
3. Three-year-olds are recruited for a study that measures social skills as the participants age. Each participant is tested at age 3, 16, 25, and 35 to determine how social skills develop over time.
4. A schoolchild who displays anxiety during math lessons participates in a study to test the effectiveness of an anxiety-reducing treatment. The anxious behaviors are measured before the treatment is implemented, while the treatment is being implemented, and then again without the treatment to compare anxious behaviors in the different conditions.
5. Participants born in the years 1960, 1980, and 2000 are tested initially on their vocabulary and spelling abilities. Then, each group is tested every 10 years to determine whether the participants’ initial abilities change as they age.