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Manatpreet KAUR - English SAC U2 O2a: Comparative Argument Analysis ENGLISH Unit #2 Outcome #2 SAC #COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT ANALYSIS SAC DATE: 18th to 19th October, 2021 Student FULL Name Teacher Name Student Declaration - VCAA Authentication and Undue Assistance Statement Plagiarism is the unacknowledged use of another’s words and ideas unless the author of the original is accurately cited. Plagiarism and cheating is a breach of VCAA rules. I confirm that the work in this SAC/SAT is my own. I understand the consequences of cheating or plagiarising may result in no score being awarded. Signature:__________________________________________ This task will be marked out of 30 marks. You have 120 minutes (over two single sessions) in which to complete this task. Answer in the space provided. Instructions ● All students will need to complete their work below this SAC cover form. An area is allocated for planning and writing the assessment. ● All written responses must be in English. ● All students will need to fill in the ‘Student Declaration” at the top of the response document in compliance with VCAA guidelines. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other electronic communication devices including smart watches into the SAC. A+ A B+ B C+ C D+ D E+ E NS 90-100% 80-89% 75-79% 70-74% 65-69% 60-64% 55-59% 50-54% 45-49% 40-44% <40% re-sit required article one: social warming – a coolly prosecutorial look at social media social media giants contribute to global conflicts and allow misinformation. how have they gained so much control, and what is that doing to our lives? by steven poole sat 17 jul 2021 18.00 aest | the guardian it’s good to remember that every time mark zuckerberg claims that he founded facebook in order to connect people or build communities, he is somehow forgetting that he first created the site in order to enable himself and his fellow dorm-dwellers to rate harvard’s young women on their looks. but then, zuckerberg has never been the sharpest tool in the box. he once said that facebook wouldn’t interfere with holocaust-denial on its service, because it was hard to dispute people’s motives for denying the holocaust, before a couple of years later announcing that his “thinking” on the matter had “evolved” and holocaust denial was now frowned upon. well, evolution does work slowly. but as charles arthur’s new book on “social warming: the dangerous and polarising effects of social media” shows, social-media algorithms don’t just allow people with corrupt interests to get together: they perform as active matchmakers. “facebook was hothousing extremism by putting extremists in touch with each other,” concluded facebook’s own internal investigations in 2016. not only that, facebook was “auto-generating terrorist content”: its “machine learning” systems created a “local business” page for “al-qaida in the arabian peninsula”. the modern design of social media also psychologically encourages bad behaviour, including mass aggression. chris wetherell, the man who built the retweet function, now regrets doing so. and of “quote-tweeting”, or retweeting someone’s post with a (usually accusatory) comment, arthur writes amusingly: “the effect often resembled someone walking out on to a balcony to an adoring crowd and announcing, ‘you’ll never guess what this idiot just said on the telephone! let me read it back to you!’” facebook, meanwhile, muscles into developing countries and strikes deals with mobile carriers to make its platform (but not the wider internet) free on phones. the result is that digitally inexperienced users assume that facebook itself is the internet, and that everything on it must be true – a confusion facebook actively encourages by terming its scrolling list of posts a “news feed”. the results can be alarming, as arthur shows in a chapter about myanmar, where a un fact-finding mission found in 2018 that facebook had “substantively contributed to the level of acrimony and dissension and conflict ... within the public”. the deeper structural problem is that facebook, twitter, tiktok, reddit and google can hardly take consistent action over “misleading or unreliable” communications as long as they depend for their profits on advertising, the whole art of which is to be as misleading as possible within the confines of the law. as long as these platforms are not prepared to fact-check adverts (and, as anyone who uses it knows, it is infested with crazy cures for cancer and other dangerous garbage) it can’t be expected to fact-check political campaigns. satirical researchers have found that, as an advertiser, it is possible to pay facebook for example, to target particular potential customers who have demonstrated an interest in “pseudoscience” or “vaccine controversies”. and yet, as charles arthur’s book shows, the social-media giants could do more if they wanted to, as proved by their interventions in public messaging over covid-19 harms and risks. (the writer naomi wolf was recently suspended from twitter, having helped spread swivel-eyed nonsense about how standing near vaccinated people can make you sick.) surveying ideas for tighter regulatory control in his conclusion, arthur also recommends that we “make content sharing a little less easy”, and perhaps even break up the giants, just as the standard oil company was broken up in 1911. i was left unsure by the book’s title phrase to describe the havoc that social media is wreaking upon our lives as “social warming”. warmth, after all, has long been a social metaphor for something desirable: as when people speak warmly, or enjoy a warm friendship. (indeed, according to some psychological research, loneliness makes you feel cold, and being cold makes you more lonely.) perhaps, just as some now prefer to use “global heating” or “climate crisis” in the atmospheric context, we should think of social overheating or social boiling. in the meantime, feel free to share this article on twitter. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ article two: australians come to reddit for just about everything by tess connery | published on mediaweek.com, july 23, 2021 across the globe, social media giant reddit sees more than 52 million daily active users across upwards of 100,000 communities. this month reddit officially took the plunge into the southern hemisphere, opening the doors of their australian business based in sydney’s barangaroo. the australian launch comes after market entries in canada in march 2021 and the united kingdom in september 2020. mediaweek spoke to reddit’s president of global advertising, harold klaje, about why they launched down under, and what australians are up to on reddit. what was it about australia that made reddit want to launch in the country? “australia is home to reddit’s fourth largest user base and has enjoyed steady organic user growth for several years now, so it’s always been a priority market in our wider internationalization strategy and the obvious choice for our latest expansion. reddit users in australia are so active and engaged, and from an advertising perspective we already have several clients globally that are targeting australian users, so this launch is about building upon this already strong momentum with dedicated teams and resources on the ground – there is a lot of potential in australia, and we’re looking forward to tapping into it.” what makes australian reddit users stand out from other regions? “australians come to reddit for just about everything, and while local user activity tends to mimic global trends with gaming, crypto and entertainment among the most popular interest groups, there is always a clear local twist. for example, “ausfinance” and “asx-bets” are some of this year’s fastest growing communities among australian users. australian users on reddit are also extremely engaged – they spend an average of 31 minutes a day on the platform, which is more than they do on snapchat, twitter and instagram, and they contribute around 158 million posts, comments and upvotes every month. our aussie users are very active!” what sort of opportunities does reddit have for brands? “globally, the number one reason people come to reddit is to be informed by passionate communities they trust – these users are actively seeking out information, advice and recommendations, rather than aimlessly scrolling through a feed. this makes for a highly active mindset and coupled with the inherent environment of trust and authenticity found on reddit – because people are connected by passions and interests, not simply demographics – brings an immense opportunity for brands. “we know that people are more comfortable expressing themselves and opening up about a particular subject on reddit, because they don’t have their friends and family watching in a way that they would on other social media platforms. as a result, the advice and recommendations exchanged on reddit are even more meaningful and authentic, because people have no reason to be anything other than honest. there is a huge opportunity for brands to be part of these authentic exchanges, to add value to the conversations and build trust and loyalty with users. we see it happen every day on the platform and are looking forward to giving more australian brands the opportunity to be part of the power of community.” what are you hoping the future of reddit will look like in australia? “for now, we are focussed on building out our australian user base through more local communities with local context and scaling our ads business to help more australian brands find their home on reddit. this launch is the first step in our ongoing commitment to the region and we’re looking forward to growing our presence and demonstrating the power and impact of online community with the australian market. in the longer term, i hope reddit continues to grow and be a place of vibrant communities in australia.” type your planning here: type your analytical response here: re-sit="" required="" article="" one:="" social="" warming="" –="" a="" coolly="" prosecutorial="" look="" at="" social="" media="" social="" media="" giants="" contribute="" to="" global="" conflicts="" and="" allow="" misinformation.="" how="" have="" they="" gained="" so="" much="" control,="" and="" what="" is="" that="" doing="" to="" our="" lives?="" by="" steven="" poole="" sat="" 17="" jul="" 2021="" 18.00="" aest="" |="" the="" guardian="" it’s="" good="" to="" remember="" that="" every="" time="" mark="" zuckerberg="" claims="" that="" he="" founded="" facebook="" in="" order="" to="" connect="" people="" or="" build="" communities,="" he="" is="" somehow="" forgetting="" that="" he="" first="" created="" the="" site="" in="" order="" to="" enable="" himself="" and="" his="" fellow="" dorm-dwellers="" to="" rate="" harvard’s="" young="" women="" on="" their="" looks.="" but="" then,="" zuckerberg="" has="" never="" been="" the="" sharpest="" tool="" in="" the="" box.="" he="" once="" said="" that="" facebook="" wouldn’t="" interfere="" with="" holocaust-denial="" on="" its="" service,="" because="" it="" was="" hard="" to="" dispute="" people’s="" motives="" for="" denying="" the="" holocaust,="" before="" a="" couple="" of="" years="" later="" announcing="" that="" his="" “thinking”="" on="" the="" matter="" had="" “evolved”="" and="" holocaust="" denial="" was="" now="" frowned="" upon.="" well,="" evolution="" does="" work="" slowly.="" but="" as="" charles="" arthur’s="" new="" book="" on="" “social="" warming:="" the="" dangerous="" and="" polarising="" effects="" of="" social="" media”="" shows,="" social-media="" algorithms="" don’t="" just="" allow="" people="" with="" corrupt="" interests="" to="" get="" together:="" they="" perform="" as="" active="" matchmakers.="" “facebook="" was="" hothousing="" extremism="" by="" putting="" extremists="" in="" touch="" with="" each="" other,”="" concluded="" facebook’s="" own="" internal="" investigations="" in="" 2016.="" not="" only="" that,="" facebook="" was="" “auto-generating="" terrorist="" content”:="" its="" “machine="" learning”="" systems="" created="" a="" “local="" business”="" page="" for="" “al-qaida="" in="" the="" arabian="" peninsula”.="" the="" modern="" design="" of="" social="" media="" also="" psychologically="" encourages="" bad="" behaviour,="" including="" mass="" aggression.="" chris="" wetherell,="" the="" man="" who="" built="" the="" retweet="" function,="" now="" regrets="" doing="" so.="" and="" of="" “quote-tweeting”,="" or="" retweeting="" someone’s="" post="" with="" a="" (usually="" accusatory)="" comment,="" arthur="" writes="" amusingly:="" “the="" effect="" often="" resembled="" someone="" walking="" out="" on="" to="" a="" balcony="" to="" an="" adoring="" crowd="" and="" announcing,="" ‘you’ll="" never="" guess="" what="" this="" idiot="" just="" said="" on="" the="" telephone!="" let="" me="" read="" it="" back="" to="" you!’”="" facebook,="" meanwhile,="" muscles="" into="" developing="" countries="" and="" strikes="" deals="" with="" mobile="" carriers="" to="" make="" its="" platform="" (but="" not="" the="" wider="" internet)="" free="" on="" phones.="" the="" result="" is="" that="" digitally="" inexperienced="" users="" assume="" that="" facebook="" itself="" is="" the="" internet,="" and="" that="" everything="" on="" it="" must="" be="" true="" –="" a="" confusion="" facebook="" actively="" encourages="" by="" terming="" its="" scrolling="" list="" of="" posts="" a="" “news="" feed”.="" the="" results="" can="" be="" alarming,="" as="" arthur="" shows="" in="" a="" chapter="" about="" myanmar,="" where="" a="" un="" fact-finding="" mission="" found="" in="" 2018="" that="" facebook="" had="" “substantively="" contributed="" to="" the="" level="" of="" acrimony="" and="" dissension="" and="" conflict="" ...="" within="" the="" public”.="" the="" deeper="" structural="" problem="" is="" that="" facebook,="" twitter,="" tiktok,="" reddit="" and="" google="" can="" hardly="" take="" consistent="" action="" over="" “misleading="" or="" unreliable”="" communications="" as="" long="" as="" they="" depend="" for="" their="" profits="" on="" advertising,="" the="" whole="" art="" of="" which="" is="" to="" be="" as="" misleading="" as="" possible="" within="" the="" confines="" of="" the="" law.="" as="" long="" as="" these="" platforms="" are="" not="" prepared="" to="" fact-check="" adverts="" (and,="" as="" anyone="" who="" uses="" it="" knows,="" it="" is="" infested="" with="" crazy="" cures="" for="" cancer="" and="" other="" dangerous="" garbage)="" it="" can’t="" be="" expected="" to="" fact-check="" political="" campaigns.="" satirical="" researchers="" have="" found="" that,="" as="" an="" advertiser,="" it="" is="" possible="" to="" pay="" facebook="" for="" example,="" to="" target="" particular="" potential="" customers="" who="" have="" demonstrated="" an="" interest="" in="" “pseudoscience”="" or="" “vaccine="" controversies”.="" and="" yet,="" as="" charles="" arthur’s="" book="" shows,="" the="" social-media="" giants="" could="" do="" more="" if="" they="" wanted="" to,="" as="" proved="" by="" their="" interventions="" in="" public="" messaging="" over="" covid-19="" harms="" and="" risks.="" (the="" writer="" naomi="" wolf="" was="" recently="" suspended="" from="" twitter,="" having="" helped="" spread="" swivel-eyed="" nonsense="" about="" how="" standing="" near="" vaccinated="" people="" can="" make="" you="" sick.)="" surveying="" ideas="" for="" tighter="" regulatory="" control="" in="" his="" conclusion,="" arthur="" also="" recommends="" that="" we="" “make="" content="" sharing="" a="" little="" less="" easy”,="" and="" perhaps="" even="" break="" up="" the="" giants,="" just="" as="" the="" standard="" oil="" company="" was="" broken="" up="" in="" 1911.="" i="" was="" left="" unsure="" by="" the="" book’s="" title="" phrase="" to="" describe="" the="" havoc="" that="" social="" media="" is="" wreaking="" upon="" our="" lives="" as="" “social="" warming”.="" warmth,="" after="" all,="" has="" long="" been="" a="" social="" metaphor="" for="" something="" desirable:="" as="" when="" people="" speak="" warmly,="" or="" enjoy="" a="" warm="" friendship.="" (indeed,="" according="" to="" some="" psychological="" research,="" loneliness="" makes="" you="" feel="" cold,="" and="" being="" cold="" makes="" you="" more="" lonely.)="" perhaps,="" just="" as="" some="" now="" prefer="" to="" use="" “global="" heating”="" or="" “climate="" crisis”="" in="" the="" atmospheric="" context,="" we="" should="" think="" of="" social="" overheating="" or="" social="" boiling.="" in="" the="" meantime,="" feel="" free="" to="" share="" this="" article="" on="" twitter.="" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~="" article="" two:="" australians="" come="" to="" reddit="" for="" just="" about="" everything="" by="" tess="" connery="" |="" published="" on="" mediaweek.com,="" july="" 23,="" 2021="" across="" the="" globe,="" social="" media="" giant="" reddit="" sees="" more="" than="" 52="" million="" daily="" active="" users="" across="" upwards="" of="" 100,000="" communities.="" this="" month="" reddit="" officially="" took="" the="" plunge="" into="" the="" southern="" hemisphere,="" opening="" the="" doors="" of="" their="" australian="" business="" based="" in="" sydney’s="" barangaroo.="" the="" australian="" launch="" comes="" after="" market="" entries="" in="" canada="" in="" march="" 2021="" and="" the="" united="" kingdom="" in="" september="" 2020.="" mediaweek="" spoke="" to="" reddit’s="" president="" of="" global="" advertising,="" harold="" klaje,="" about="" why="" they="" launched="" down="" under,="" and="" what="" australians="" are="" up="" to="" on="" reddit.="" what="" was="" it="" about="" australia="" that="" made="" reddit="" want="" to="" launch="" in="" the="" country?="" “australia="" is="" home="" to="" reddit’s="" fourth="" largest="" user="" base="" and="" has="" enjoyed="" steady="" organic="" user="" growth="" for="" several="" years="" now,="" so="" it’s="" always="" been="" a="" priority="" market="" in="" our="" wider="" internationalization="" strategy="" and="" the="" obvious="" choice="" for="" our="" latest="" expansion.="" reddit="" users="" in="" australia="" are="" so="" active="" and="" engaged,="" and="" from="" an="" advertising="" perspective="" we="" already="" have="" several="" clients="" globally="" that="" are="" targeting="" australian="" users,="" so="" this="" launch="" is="" about="" building="" upon="" this="" already="" strong="" momentum="" with="" dedicated="" teams="" and="" resources="" on="" the="" ground="" –="" there="" is="" a="" lot="" of="" potential="" in="" australia,="" and="" we’re="" looking="" forward="" to="" tapping="" into="" it.”="" what="" makes="" australian="" reddit="" users="" stand="" out="" from="" other="" regions?="" “australians="" come="" to="" reddit="" for="" just="" about="" everything,="" and="" while="" local="" user="" activity="" tends="" to="" mimic="" global="" trends="" with="" gaming,="" crypto="" and="" entertainment="" among="" the="" most="" popular="" interest="" groups,="" there="" is="" always="" a="" clear="" local="" twist.="" for="" example,="" “ausfinance”="" and="" “asx-bets”="" are="" some="" of="" this="" year’s="" fastest="" growing="" communities="" among="" australian="" users.="" australian="" users="" on="" reddit="" are="" also="" extremely="" engaged="" –="" they="" spend="" an="" average="" of="" 31="" minutes="" a="" day="" on="" the="" platform,="" which="" is="" more="" than="" they="" do="" on="" snapchat,="" twitter="" and="" instagram,="" and="" they="" contribute="" around="" 158="" million="" posts,="" comments="" and="" upvotes="" every="" month.="" our="" aussie="" users="" are="" very="" active!”="" what="" sort="" of="" opportunities="" does="" reddit="" have="" for="" brands?="" “globally,="" the="" number="" one="" reason="" people="" come="" to="" reddit="" is="" to="" be="" informed="" by="" passionate="" communities="" they="" trust="" –="" these="" users="" are="" actively="" seeking="" out="" information,="" advice="" and="" recommendations,="" rather="" than="" aimlessly="" scrolling="" through="" a="" feed.="" this="" makes="" for="" a="" highly="" active="" mindset="" and="" coupled="" with="" the="" inherent="" environment="" of="" trust="" and="" authenticity="" found="" on="" reddit="" –="" because="" people="" are="" connected="" by="" passions="" and="" interests,="" not="" simply="" demographics="" –="" brings="" an="" immense="" opportunity="" for="" brands.="" “we="" know="" that="" people="" are="" more="" comfortable="" expressing="" themselves="" and="" opening="" up="" about="" a="" particular="" subject="" on="" reddit,="" because="" they="" don’t="" have="" their="" friends="" and="" family="" watching="" in="" a="" way="" that="" they="" would="" on="" other="" social="" media="" platforms.="" as="" a="" result,="" the="" advice="" and="" recommendations="" exchanged="" on="" reddit="" are="" even="" more="" meaningful="" and="" authentic,="" because="" people="" have="" no="" reason="" to="" be="" anything="" other="" than="" honest.="" there="" is="" a="" huge="" opportunity="" for="" brands="" to="" be="" part="" of="" these="" authentic="" exchanges,="" to="" add="" value="" to="" the="" conversations="" and="" build="" trust="" and="" loyalty="" with="" users.="" we="" see="" it="" happen="" every="" day="" on="" the="" platform="" and="" are="" looking="" forward="" to="" giving="" more="" australian="" brands="" the="" opportunity="" to="" be="" part="" of="" the="" power="" of="" community.”="" what="" are="" you="" hoping="" the="" future="" of="" reddit="" will="" look="" like="" in="" australia?="" “for="" now,="" we="" are="" focussed="" on="" building="" out="" our="" australian="" user="" base="" through="" more="" local="" communities="" with="" local="" context="" and="" scaling="" our="" ads="" business="" to="" help="" more="" australian="" brands="" find="" their="" home="" on="" reddit.="" this="" launch="" is="" the="" first="" step="" in="" our="" ongoing="" commitment="" to="" the="" region="" and="" we’re="" looking="" forward="" to="" growing="" our="" presence="" and="" demonstrating="" the="" power="" and="" impact="" of="" online="" community="" with="" the="" australian="" market.="" in="" the="" longer="" term,="" i="" hope="" reddit="" continues="" to="" grow="" and="" be="" a="" place="" of="" vibrant="" communities="" in="" australia.”="" type="" your="" planning="" here:="" type="" your="" analytical="" response="">