Major: Communication Science and Disorder
Class: Hearing and Speech Science
Book for the class: Pearson Speech Science An Integrated Approach ti Theory and Clinical Practice.
Pages from the book to guide you ( figure 4.4-4.5. Page 145, 156-157 and Chapter 6)
Points to Ponder Spectrogram Analysis – Consonants and Vowel
Due Friday, March 3rd, 2023, at 6:00 pm
Spectrogram analysis: Downloading PRAAT
Download PRAAT to complete the rest of this Points to Ponder.
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Free Download PRAAT for windows
http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/download_win.html
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Free Download PRAAT for Mac
http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/download_mac.html
Open the PRAAT program by clicking on the icon. Two new windows will open.
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Click on the window titled “PRAAT Objects”.
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Click “New”.
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Click “Record Mono Sound”. A new “Sound Recorder” window will appear.
“AH” Recording: Directions
You will now be making a recording. You’ll want to produce a sustained vowel sound of at least 6 seconds, e.g., “aaaahhhh” Make sure to speak into the microphone connected to the computer.
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When ready, click “Record” and begin
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When you are done click “Stop” to end the recording.
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c. At the bottom of the window you’ll see a box that says Name - this is where you title your recording. Put in the name of the speaker whose voice was recorded.
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d. If you are not satisfied with your recording, simply click “Record” again and re-do your recording.
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e. When satisfied with your speech sample, click “Save to list & Close”
The sound you just recorded will appear in the PRAAT Objects window, as “1. Sound Speaker’s name” We are now going to look at the speech sample you just recorded.
A new window entitled 1. Sound Name should appear. You will see your voice as a black squiggly line in the top rectangle and as shaded bars in the bottom rectangle of this new window.
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Highlight the middle part of your vowel by dragging the cursor over a small section of the thick black squiggly line in the top rectangle of the window.
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Then select “view” from the tab at the top of the window and select “Zoom in” from the options. Do this repeatedly 6 or 7 times.
Questions – 2 points each (24 points total)
1) What is the shape/type of wave? (Hint: it should not be sinusoidal): _________
Look at the bottom rectangle along the right side of the graph. You should see three numbers in blue. The number is the middle is your fundamental frequency in Hz.
2) Record this number: _________
3) What is the expected Fo for the gender you identify with, as indicated in your textbook?: _________
4) Is your F0
higher or lower than the average expected for the gender you identify with ?: _________
Close the window and go back to the Click on the window titled “PRAAT Objects”.
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Click “New” and then click “Record Mono Sound”.
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Now press the red record button and record your lowest pitch “ah” and highest pitch “ah”.
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Press stop. At the bottom of the window you’ll see a box that says Name - this is where you title your recording.
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Type in “Range”. If you are not satisfied with your recording, simply click “Record” again and re-do your recording.
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When satisfied with your speech sample, click “Save to list & Close”.
Back in the “PRAAT Objects” window select “2. Sound Range”.
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Click “view and edit”.
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In the new window in the bottom rectangle, click on the blue line in your first low sound.
5) Record the pitch of your lowest frequency: _________
6) Click on the blue line in your highest sound. Record your highest frequency: _________
7) What is your Maximum Phonational Frequency Range? (This is the range from your lowest Hz to your highest Hz, which you just obtained above.): _________
Close the window and go back to the Click on the window titled “PRAAT Objects”.
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Click “New” and then click “Record Mono Sound”.
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Now press the red record button and record yourself saying “Buy Bobby a poppy, buy Bobby a poppy”.
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Press stop. At the bottom of the window you’ll see a box that says Name - this is where you title your recording.
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Type in “Variability”. If you are not satisfied with your recording, simply click “Record” again and re-do your recording.
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When satisfied with your speech sample, click “Save to list & Close”.
Back in the “PRAAT Objects” window select “3. Sound Variability”.
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Click “view and edit”. In the new window select your whole sentence by dragging the cursor over it and clicking. The selected section should appear blue.
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Then select the “Pitch” tab along the top of the screen.
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Then select “Get Pitch”. A new window should appear with the mean pitch of your sentence.
8) Record your average fundamental frequency for the sentence here : _________
9) Select “Pitch” and “Get Minimum Pitch”. A new window should appear. Record your lowest pitch in the speech sample here: _________
10) Select “Pitch” and “Get Maximum Pitch”. A new window should appear. Record your highest pitch in the speech sample here: _________
11) Record the Frequency Variability of your speech sample (this is the range between your lowest Hz during a speech sample and your highest Hz during a speech sample, which you just obtained above).: _________
12) What is the expected frequency variability for an adult? : _________
Part II Spectrogram analysis
Open the Praat program by clicking on the icon. Two new windows will open.
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Click on the window titled “PRAAT Objects”.
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Click “New”. Click “Record Mono Sound”. A new “Sound Recorder” window will appear.
Spectrographic Recording – 1 point each (62 points total)
1. Liquids and Glides: Record a new mono sound with sound listed below. Choose “view and edit” to see the spectrogram of the sound. Answer questions for each speech sample.
a. “ah-yah”
a1. Drag the cursor along the glide /j/ to capture that sound in the spectrogram. Is it shorter or longer than .1 seconds? _________
a2. Does the /j/ sound have a voicing bar along the bottom? ________
b.
“eewee”
b1. Drag the cursor along the glide /w/ to capture that sound in the spectrogram. Is it shorter or longer than .1 seconds? _________
b2. Does the /w/ sound have a voicing bar along the bottom? _________
c.
“r”
c1. The /r/ appears to have…
-steady state formants or quickly changing formants? _________
c2. Does the /r/ sound have a voicing bar along the bottom? _________
d.
“l”
d1. The /l/ appears to have…
-steady state formants or quickly changing formants? _________
d2. Does the /l/ sound have a voicing bar along the bottom? _________
2. Stops: Record a new mono sound with sound listed below. Choose “view and edit” to see the spectrogram of the sound. Answer questions for each speech sample.
a. “tah tah tah”
a1. The /t/ has a voicing bar…
-all along the bottom or after the voice onset time? _________
a2. The /t/ has
…
-aspiration noise? _________
-harmonics? _________
b.
“dah dah dah”(focus on the third dah)
b1. The /d/ has a voicing bar…
-right after the gap or after a long aspiration noise? _________
b2. The /d/ has
…
-more aspiration noise then /t/ or less aspiration noise then /t/? _________
3. Fricatives: Record a new mono sound with sound listed below. Choose “view and edit” to see the spectrogram of the sound. Answer questions for each speech sample.
a. “aaassaaa”
a1. Drag the cursor along /s/ to capture the length of that sound in the spectrogram. Is it shorter or longer than a /t/? _________
a2. Does /s/ have a voicing bar along the bottom? _________
b.
“aaazzaaa”
b1. Does /z/ have a voicing bar along the bottom? _________
b2. Does /s/ or /z/ have a louder aperiodic white noise? _________
4. Affricates: Record a new mono sound with sound listed below. Choose “view and edit” to see the spectrogram of the sound. Answer questions for each speech sample.
a. “aachaa”
a1. Does the /ch/ sound have…
-Dense high frequency aspiration noise? _________
-Stop gap? _________
-Voice onset time? _________
-Voicing bar? _________
b.
“awjaw”
b1. Does the sound have…
-Dense high frequency aspiration noise? _________
-Stop gap? _________
-Voice onset time? _________
-Voicing bar? _________
5. Nasals: Record a new mono sound with sound listed below. Choose “view and edit” to see the spectrogram of the sound. Answer questions for each speech sample.
a. “aannnaa”
a1. Does the sound have…
-Dense high frequency aspiration noise? _________
-Loud noise in frequencies above 500 Hz? _________
-Loud noise in frequencies below 500 Hz? _________
-Damped noise above 500 Hz? _________
b.
“aammmaa”
b1. Does the sound have…
-Dense high frequency aspiration noise? _________
-Loud noise in frequencies above 500 Hz? _________
-Loud noise in frequencies below 500 Hz? _________
-Damped noise above 500 Hz? _________
b2. Describe one difference you notice between /m/ and /n/ on the spectrogram:
6. Vowels – 2 points each
a) For your “ah” (as in hot) what is F1? F2? _________
b) How far apart are they? (Range e.g. 700Hz
– 1400 Hz = 700 Hz.): _________
c) Now record
“E” (as in tree). What is the F1? F2? _________
d) How far apart are they? _________
e) Record
“a” (as in hat). What is the F1? F2? _________
f) How far apart are they? _________
g) Which sound has the lowest F1? _________
h) Which sound has the highest F1? _________
i) Which sound has the highest F2? _________
j) Which sound has the greatest difference (range) between F1 and F2? _________
Application questions:
1.
Why does sound j (answer to j above) have a large difference between F1 and F2? (2 points):
2.
What is the tongue doing to make F1 where it is for sound j? Which cavity is it affecting for F1 and how? (3 points):
3.
What is the tongue doing to make F2 for sound j? Which cavity is it affecting for F2 and how? (3 points):