Literature review of solar thermal energy storage in large residential buildings

Literature review
Solar thermal energy storage in large residential buildings
Atul Sharma et al conducted a study on storage system associated with latent heat in association with PCMs (Phase change Materials). Also, summarization of analysis as well as investigation about the thermal storage systems that are available and incorporating phase change materials for varying applications.
As per Georgi K. Pavlov & Bjarne W. Olesen, October 2011, over past several decades, variety of thermal energy storage techniques has developed. This TES system tends to provide storage for short term during the peak load time. Also, storage during long term is provided for natural and renewable energy resources introduction. For the purpose of heating or cooling, these TES can be used for application wherein there is mismatch of time between supply and demand of energy. Also, study explored the dependence of TES system on required storage period, conditions under which it is operating and economic viability. Various thermal energy storages were being studied by this research so as to provide base for introducing a newly developed TES which is intelligent and possible in residential buildings.
Lanahan, M, 2017, literature review tends to bring considerations that recently seasonal energy storage mechanisms demonstrated implementations. He acknowledged energy storage importance so as to bring penetration of renewable energy. Also, it was examined with the help of prior studies that primary concern still remains the system reliability as well as optimal management of energy. There may be several effective methods of STES whereas BTES is one of them. The effectiveness of these STES designs and methods depends upon immediate hydraulic feature as well as geography and these are well navigated with the help of evaluating the soil properties along with environmental site characteristics. Study also emphasized on the achieving higher system performance with the help of practicing proper designs in regard of seasonal storage yield and diurnal. A critical combination of high discharge rates and extended seasonal storage as well promotion of high level of efficiency, penetration of renewable energy along with providing quick demand response is achieved with the help of integrated diurnal and seasonal energy storage.
Ståhl, 2009, Zhu et al., 2009a, Heier et al., 2012 studied the energy savings along with peak and comfort reduction with the help of exclusive simulations. The storage technique used and applied by them was passive sensible storage that carried out study on single as well as multifamily buildings. Most of studies resulted and reported that there is small energy saving potential but the indoor temperature was more stable.
Another study conducted by Peippo et al., 1991, C. Castellón, 2006, Heier et al., 2012, Yahay and Ahmad, 2011, had focus on comfort majorly along with peak reduction as well as saving of energy. Storage technique used was passive latent storage wherein study was carried out on single, multifamily building as well as test cubicles. Simulation along with experimentation technology was used which resulted in reduced cooling demand and high temperatures and heating demand also reduced in small extent.
Johansson et al., 2004, Papillon et al., 2010, Arteconi et al., 2013, Schmidt et al., 2004 conducted a study on single and multifamily buildings with the help of simulation along experimentation which resulted in reduced emission from boilers along with reduction in heating peak load as far as possible. Storage techniques used in this study was tanks storage sensibly with the focus on evaluation of system, reduction in emission and peak.
Streicher et al., 2008 carried out research on storage in latent tanks wherein the study was carried on solar low energy buildings with the focus on saving energy. Methodology used was simulation but there was no significant PCM improvement as in comparison with water for carrying out heating applications.
Arkar and Medved, 2007, Takeda et al., 2004, Persson and Westermark, 2012 studied single family houses with the help of simulation methodology keeping focus on saving energy as well as improvement of indoor climate. Storage technique used in this study included latent storage in AC or ventilation equipment which reduced load on ventilation and there were considerably reduced excess temperatures.
Lahmidi et al., 2006, Mauran et al., 2008,Bales et al., 2008, Gartler et al., 2004, Caliskan et al., 2012a, Caliskan et al., 2012b conducted study on single family house using the storage technique of thermo chemical storage with the help of simulation and prototypes methodology. The focus of these studies was on switching the source of energy and the results obtained were highly satisfactory. This study has shown that there are problems with high temperatures as well as low heat transfers. Also, capacity to store energy is basically theortical but it is possible to store for long term with low loss. However, there is still need of research and development in this field.
Mazo et al., 2012, Kalz et al., 2010, Pahud, 2002, Chèze and Papillon, 2002, Weiss et al., 2003 used water distribution storage technique with TABS in the passive houses, low energy house and test cubicle wherein real building along with simulations methodology was used in order to reduce peak and save energy. Significant outcomes of these studies include necessity of controlled optimization, shaving of peak significantly and use of auxiliary energy.
Nordell and Hellström, 2000, Lundh and Dalenbäck, 2008, Heier et al., 2011, Wang and Qi, 2008, Wang et al., 2009 conducted research on residential complex as well as single family buildings with the help of Borehole storage. Methodology used for real residential buildings as well as simulations with the focus on energy source switching and existing systems evaluation. As per outcome of study, borehole storage system does have capability to meet the demand of heat even in severely cold locations. There is possibility to bring about cooling without or with heat pumps. However, it is crucial to keep system related losses in consideration.
Schmidt et al., 2004, Bauer et al., 2010 carried out research with the focus of switching energy source. Study was carried out on apartment complexes with methodology of real buildings with the help of storage technique of storing in buried tanks, pits etc. this study indicated that there were significantly high losses from storage and it was possible to reach high solar fraction in this case.
Al-Abidi et al., Review of thermal energy storage for air conditioning systems. (Al-Abidi et al., 2012) focuses on the review wherein the focus is on latent cool storage applications so as to use in developing HVAC. There was discussion about heat transfer enhancements, heat exchanger configurations along with emphasis on using PCMs for HVAC development. Also, several ventilation and storage combinations were being stated that also mentioned use of PCM directly within the ventilation system so that the advantage of cold air available at night time may be taken along with taking benefits of LHTES with chilled water distribution circuit along with AC systems that uses slurries by phase change and a LHTES...