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THE CHOICE OF THE TWO
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Review of the relevant academic theories    3
Discussion    6
Conclusion    8
References    9
Introduction
The cases of Serial killings get attention from both media and the public, despite people following the case with keen interest. Although, very little is known about the serial killer in a real context. Usually, it takes decades to catch them though academia gave some theoretical reasons for such aspects. The definition of crime, scrutiny of pattern, the motive of the killer must be analyzed at a profound level. The following analysis is intended to provide different theories of brutal and violent behavior killers. Apart from that, a comprehensive analysis from three academic stances: Sociological, Psychological, Biological viewpoints are presented to ascertain the personality of the killers. The definition of Serial murder is taken from Holmes and Holmes 1998. It is defined as the Killing of several people unlawfully by the same killer at different events. Koppel and Birnes (2003) defined Killers, either male or female or Transgender who kills over some time. The former definition can be viewed as a common definition while the latter one can be viewed as a broader way to define the serial killer. On the other hand, it can be stated that the study of serial killers has been always dominated by an individualized focus in terms of studying the biography of the offenders as well as the causes behind the behaviors. It is needless to say that serial killing is the rarest of homicide that takes place when people have killed more than three people who were completely unknown to them with the cooling-off period between the murders. Furthermore, I plan to look on the case of Peter William Sutcliffe (serial killer)
Review of the relevant academic theories
Serial killings are rare types of murders, occurring when a person kills different people on different occasions that are both known and unknown. The book “Understanding Deviance by David Downs, Paul rock “gives a comprehensive literature about crime and criminology. The book gives the following theories The Durkheim's Legacy which is also called Anomie and Strain theory, Anomie theory by Merton, Institutional Anomie theory by Messner and Rosenfield and Robert Agnew’s General strain theory (Keatley et al, 2021).
Durkheim's Legacy (Anomie & String Theory): Society imposes a strong force on people. People’s culture, beliefs, tradition make up a collective consciousness in the society. This consciousness is integral for the society for mutual bindness and social integration. Durkheim opined that due to advent of technology this collective consciousness in the society is receding away. People are more depending upon technology with distant traders for economic activity; he worried that this could prelude the disintegration of community. Durkheim is considered as father of sociology. His other notable work is on Suicide where he argued social integration and social change is necessary for a deviant society, changes in society show effect on individualistic basis. Anomie a term coined by Durkheim, it can be explained as distributed stability in a community relating to Inequality or dearth of individual strategies to adapt to constantly changing social culture. This theory focuses on the serial murder in the society as struggle within the society pushes an individual so far into desperation that they observe murdering as the only way of getting release.
Anomie Theory by Merton: According to Robert K. Merton’s anomie theory, many people attempt to achieve society grant goals. Anomie occurs when access to these targets is choked to individuals. The Byproduct is a Violent Behavior along with Rebellion, hatred and retreat. Merton’s theory was originally printed in 1938, due to poor public interest it is represented as Sleep Theory. Merton Redefines Durkheim's theory, he called Anomic factors could no longer be seen in the gap between wants and fulfillment, but in the disparity between ambitions and means. This inequality remains in all classes of the society. According to Merton people from lower classes resort to hatred, rebellion, retreat-ism, hostility because of getting fewer opportunities than higher classes to achieve cultural oriented ambitions.
Institutional Anomie Theory by Messner & Rosenfeld : According to this theory when economy gets dominant in the society crime, it is an indirect consequence of arising within it. Messner and Rosenfield did an extension to the Merton’s theory. They categorized the society into four key areas:
Family, which involves Children, parents, wife and friends, Education, which develops career, gives values, Economy, which involves economic needs, monetary activity and production,...