Japanese anthropologist Chia Nakane XXXXXXXXXXbelieved that this collective orientation results from the hierarchical nature of Japanese social organization. Nakane viewed Japanese society as...

Japanese anthropologist Chia Nakane (1970) believed that this collective orientation results from the hierarchical nature of Japanese social organization. Nakane viewed Japanese society as consisting of hierarchically organized groups with paternalistic leaders at the top who serve group needs.