Final Exam XXXXXXXXXXMathematics and Statistics for Social Sciences Author: XXXXXXXXXXVanda Salari LL.B 2019/2020 year student Student Number: B019080 Introduction The definition of success in the...

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its below my answers are wrong in the excel which makes my analysis wrong the teachers notes are there for the things that are wrong


Final Exam Mathematics and Statistics for Social Sciences Author: Vanda Salari LL.B 2019/2020 year student Student Number: B019080 Introduction The definition of success in the world of sports can be interpreted in a number of ways. Success in basketball can be defined using the value of the player. The National Basketball Association (NBA) uses different factors to determine its most successful player. It is important to look into characteristics which could be attributed to a player’s success. From College to the NBA, Evans examines the characteristics the NBA considers to determine a player’s success. The study gathered data from 2006 to 2013 draftees. Evans looked into how the duration of the player’s career prior to being drafted, as well as their qualification. The variables included statistics from the players’ games. Other variables which were considered were their age, height, and BMI. The result of the research showed that height and in game statistics were correlated to success. Meanwhile, number of fouls, age, and late start were correlated to higher draft positions written by NBAstuffer themself to help their fans and was last updated on june 14, 2019 Moxley and Towne also focus on the early career success of NBA players. They studied multiple factors and found the top variable to be the players’ performance history. In addition, height, arm span, vertical leap, and agility are also taken into consideration. The results of the study showed that although physical attributes are taken into account, they are not distinguishing factors to the player’s success. The factors which were found to be useful were age, win shares, and college quality. Measuring Greatness in the NBA looks into the question of how greatness and success is measured in the NBA. Whitmoyer believes that a single factor is insufficient when determining the success of the player, noting that other factors should also be taken into account. The player’s compensation is often used as a reflection of their value, however, it is not always reliable. The perception of the player is also key to a player’s value. The articles took into account qualitative and quantitative factors to justify their thesis. All three journals look into qualitative and quantitative profiles to find what determines success. They found physical attributes to not be as important of a factor as the performance and other ratings. Age was also found to be rather important, as well as the history of the player. How long they have been playing professionally is also a big determining factor. Evans takes into account more in game statistical data as compared to the other two, especially Whitmoyer. Whitmoyer looks into the measurement of success more than the actual statistics. Physical attributes aren’t much mentioned in the 3rd journal, but are taken into account in Evans and Moxley’s findings. The articles have used more specific and thorough data to explore the topic. There are a number of factors which need to be considered to find what indicates success. Different studies have been conducted to find which factors are most correlated to NBA Career success. Although the data acquired has been useful in finding possible factors to success, it is important to gather more information to narrow down the information.
 Research Questions What is the minimum wage for an NBA player? How many NBA players out of 202 have an average yearly rating? During which are the most successful and earn most? Methodology A. Study of NBA players and their values The Data used for the research is taken for the NBA PlayOffs between the year of 2018- 2019 from the official NBA official webpage; https://www.nbastuffer.com/2018-2019-nba- player-stats/. The data summarized the NBA players yearly value and wage according to their performance throughout the year which affect their yearly ratings data Analysis. Due to each NBA player not having the same exact characteristics the variables were researched separately such as each NBA player's net worth and income depending on their yearly ratings which is calculated at the end of each playoffs. B. Data Analysis The results are achieved and will be analyzed in the Microsoft Excel system. It can be used to test outcomes, to verify hypotheses, degrees of trust and association. Three theories will be tested out. Hypothesi: 1 Ho: p=>0.77 Ha: p≠ 0.77 It is a one-sided theory test of 0.06 alpha and 90 per cent of the Confidence level. Before the hypothesis is tested, the data must be modeled and the modeling parameters and assumptions followed. Independence: The values of this database are independent from each NBA player. Sample Size: The Sample is large enough due to 157/202 students being only american nationals. https://www.nbastuffer.com/2018-2019-nba-player-stats/ https://www.nbastuffer.com/2018-2019-nba-player-stats/ User Sticky Note Incorrect null hypothesis. User Sticky Note How can alpha be 0.06 when your confidence level is 90%? User Sticky Note These hypotheses don`t match the table below in the results section. Randomization: There is an application of randomization to the applicant of the database. 10% Condition: The data includes more than half of the population of the American players therefore this satisfies the 10% condition. The conditions are satisfied, so I will use the Usual Template to consider a z-interval in one proportion. Hypothesis: 2 H0: μ = 45 HA: μ > 45 Hypothesis 2 is a one-sided hypothesis with an alpha of 0.06 and a confidence interval of 95 per cent, with data on average NBA players ranked between 75-77 percent on an annual basis. To run an independence, randomization and 10 per cent t-test.To carry out a t-test of equality, randomization and 10 percent criteria must be met, and all of these conditions and assumptions have been met, as stated in the Hypothesis 1 test. Hence we can carry on the work. Hypothesis: 3 H0: μ = 0.6 Ha: μ = 0.6 As mentioned before, all the assumptions and parameters for this data set are satisfied, and a two-sided hypothesis test for the null hypothesis and alternate hypothesis was carried out as follows: this data was analyzed with a confidence interval of 95% and an alpha of 0.06 Results Hypothesis 1 Sample proportion 0.777227723 Z-stat 0.31240578 User Sticky Note How can alpha be 0.06 when your confidence level is 95%? Why are you changing confidence levels during the paper? User Sticky Note Incorrect alternative hypothesis. sample size n 202 P(Z<=z) one="" tail="" 0.3773660791="" hypothesized="" proportion="" 0.6.="" z="" critical="" one-tail="" 1.554773595="" alpha="" 0.06=""><=z) two="" tail="" 0.7547321582="" 90%="" confidence="" interval="" the="" study="" results="" suggest="" that="" the="" p="" value="" is="0.77," because="" the="" p="" value="" is="" higher="" than="" the="" 0.05="" alpha="" value,="" we="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" accept="" the="" alternative="" hypothesis.="" therefore,="" our="" study="" allowed="" us="" to="" assume="" with="" 90%="" accuracy,="" to="" assume="" that="" this="" is="" not="" a="" fair="" benefit,="" and="" to="" dismiss="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" hypothesis="" 2="" sample="" mean="" 201="" t-stat="" 0.2704009="" sample="" standard="" deviation="" 123.2=""><=t) one-tail="" 0.3947457745="" sample="" size="" 22="" t="" critical="" lower="" one-tail="" -1.720742903="" hypothesized="" mean="" 45="" t="" critical="" upper="" one-tail="" 1.720742903="" alpha="" 0.05=""><=t) two-tail="" 0.7894915491="" 95%="" confidence="" interval="" the="" observational="" results="" show="" that="" the="" mean="" of="" the="" sample="" is="" 0.2="" as="" the="" median="" is="" greater="" than="" the="" prediction="" of="" 0.05="" alpha,="" we="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" accept="" the="" alternative="" hypothesis.="" our="" study="" therefore="" allowed="" us="" to="" predict="" an="" accuracy="" of="" 95="" per="" cent,="" to="" infer="" that="" this="" is="" not="" a="" fair="" advantage,="" and="" to="" dismiss="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" hypothesis="" 3="" mean="" 18993342="" 1="" variance="" 16849498="" 33698996="" stddev="" 2876="" 5752="" observations="" 77="" hypothesized="" mean="" difference="" 800="" user="" sticky="" note="" completely="" wrong="" interpretation="" of="" the="" results.="" also,="" i="" can't="" understand="" what="" is="" written="" here.="" user="" sticky="" note="" completely="" wrong="" interpretation="" of="" the="" results.="" also,="" i="" can't="" understand="" what="" is="" written="" here.="" user="" sticky="" note="" which="" two="" groups="" are="" you="" comparing?="" df="" 88="" t-stat="" 0=""><=t) one-tail 0.789491549 t critical lower one-tail -3.441485806 t critical upper one-tail 0.9305808593 the table indicates certain predictive values for the study's two samples, the analysis is a one- sided conclusion since we were interested in checking whether a large difference in mean exists and that one group received better outcomes than another. we refuse to accept the argument null as the significance p is smaller than the significance alpha (0.06). so we can tell with 95 percent trust. correlation and regression user sticky note completely wrong interpretation of the results. also, i can't understand what is written here. regression statistics multiple r 0.67438392 r square 0.45482292 adjusted r square 0.45432628 standard error - observations 202 the present model of linear relationship was examined and it was found that there was a strong positive correlation (r=0.674) between the total number of applicants and the quantity of applicants permitted. the r squared value was 0.454, which indicated that this model was very realistic and compensated for 45 per cent of the tests, with 55 percent remaining out of the residuals. the scatter plot shows a straight upward axis, with a 0.90x equation. the intercept y is a negative integer, and is thus excluded. conclusion: in conclusion, 77% of the nba players are american nationals leaving only 23% of the nba players international, the analization of all these factors to render figures on which club pays higher salaries, at which age players have the highest value and earnings, which average ranking and job performance is required for higher value and higher wages, which ethnicity football players are most productive and which foot they usually prefer; as well sorting the columns using value and wages from highest to lowest, along with age, yearly rating, nationality, working rates, positions, and prefered clubs. user sticky note did we only discuss one type of charts during this course? user sticky note what estimates did you find for one-tail="" 0.789491549="" t="" critical="" lower="" one-tail="" -3.441485806="" t="" critical="" upper="" one-tail="" 0.9305808593="" the="" table="" indicates="" certain="" predictive="" values="" for="" the="" study's="" two="" samples,="" the="" analysis="" is="" a="" one-="" sided="" conclusion="" since="" we="" were="" interested="" in="" checking="" whether="" a="" large="" difference="" in="" mean="" exists="" and="" that="" one="" group="" received="" better="" outcomes="" than="" another.="" we="" refuse="" to="" accept="" the="" argument="" null="" as="" the="" significance="" p="" is="" smaller="" than="" the="" significance="" alpha="" (0.06).="" so="" we="" can="" tell="" with="" 95="" percent="" trust.="" correlation="" and="" regression="" user="" sticky="" note="" completely="" wrong="" interpretation="" of="" the="" results.="" also,="" i="" can't="" understand="" what="" is="" written="" here.="" regression="" statistics="" multiple="" r="" 0.67438392="" r="" square="" 0.45482292="" adjusted="" r="" square="" 0.45432628="" standard="" error="" -="" observations="" 202="" the="" present="" model="" of="" linear="" relationship="" was="" examined="" and="" it="" was="" found="" that="" there="" was="" a="" strong="" positive="" correlation="" (r="0.674)" between="" the="" total="" number="" of="" applicants="" and="" the="" quantity="" of="" applicants="" permitted.="" the="" r="" squared="" value="" was="" 0.454,="" which="" indicated="" that="" this="" model="" was="" very="" realistic="" and="" compensated="" for="" 45="" per="" cent="" of="" the="" tests,="" with="" 55="" percent="" remaining="" out="" of="" the="" residuals.="" the="" scatter="" plot="" shows="" a="" straight="" upward="" axis,="" with="" a="" 0.90x="" equation.="" the="" intercept="" y="" is="" a="" negative="" integer,="" and="" is="" thus="" excluded.="" conclusion:="" in="" conclusion,="" 77%="" of="" the="" nba="" players="" are="" american="" nationals="" leaving="" only="" 23%="" of="" the="" nba="" players="" international,="" the="" analization="" of="" all="" these="" factors="" to="" render="" figures="" on="" which="" club="" pays="" higher="" salaries,="" at="" which="" age="" players="" have="" the="" highest="" value="" and="" earnings,="" which="" average="" ranking="" and="" job="" performance="" is="" required="" for="" higher="" value="" and="" higher="" wages,="" which="" ethnicity="" football="" players="" are="" most="" productive="" and="" which="" foot="" they="" usually="" prefer;="" as="" well="" sorting="" the="" columns="" using="" value="" and="" wages="" from="" highest="" to="" lowest,="" along="" with="" age,="" yearly="" rating,="" nationality,="" working="" rates,="" positions,="" and="" prefered="" clubs.="" user="" sticky="" note="" did="" we="" only="" discuss="" one="" type="" of="" charts="" during="" this="" course?="" user="" sticky="" note="" what="" estimates="" did="" you="" find="">
Answered Same DayJun 15, 2021

Answer To: Final Exam XXXXXXXXXXMathematics and Statistics for Social Sciences Author: XXXXXXXXXXVanda Salari...

Biswajit answered on Jun 15 2021
154 Votes
Data Analysis:
Hypothesis test 1: Z proportion test nationality
     
     
    proportion test
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    H0
    proportion of American players is 0.5
    0.5
    Assumed proportion
     
    Ha
    proportion of American players is more than 0.5
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    sample size
     
    202
     
     
    P
    proportion of Ameri
can players in sample
    0.77
    Proportion as per data
     
    level of significance
     
    0.05
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    Z statistic
    9.118642058
     
     
     
    p value
    0.0000
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    As the p value is lower than level of significance (0.05), we reject the null hypothesis.so we say that there are substantially more no of American players in comparison to others
     
     
     
    
     
     
     
    
     
     
     
    
     
     
    conclusion
    
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    Assumptions
    np >10
    156
    yes
     
     
    np(1-p)>10
    36
    yes
     
     
    samples are independent
     
    yes
     
     
    Data points more than 30 to use normality assumption as per central limit theorem
    202
    yes
Hypothesis test 2: T test for difference of ratings between American & rest of others players
    F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
     
     
     
     
     
     
    American yearly ratings
    Rest of others yearly ratings
    Mean
    77.24516129
    78.36170213
    Variance
    35.77067449
    49.14893617
    Observations
    155
    47
    df
    154
    46
    F
    0.727801602
     
    P(F<=f) one-tail
    0.078827566
     
    F Critical one-tail
    0.690790631
     
    Level of significance
     
    0.05
     
    variances are equal
    as p value > .05
    t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
     
     
     
     
     
     
    American yearly ratings
    Rest of others yearly ratings
    Mean
    77.24516129
    78.36170213
    Variance
    35.77067449
    49.14893617
    Observations
    155
    47
    Pooled Variance
    38.84767467
     
    Hypothesized Mean Difference
    0
     
    df
    200
     
    t Stat
    -1.075799136
     
    P(T<=t) one-tail
    0.141656571
     
    t Critical one-tail
    1.652508101
     
    P(T<=t) two-tail
    0.283313141
     
    t Critical two-tail
    1.971896224
     
    Level of significance
     
    0.05
    conclusion
    American yearly ratings are not statistically different from rest pf others players
    As p value is greater than level of significance 0.05
Hypothesis test 3:t Test for difference of Age between American players & others
    F-Test Two-Sample for Variances
     
     
     
     
     
     
    American Age
    Others Age
    Mean
    26.86451613
    27.19148936
    Variance
    15.10490155
    17.81036078
    Observations
    155
    47
    df
    154
    46
    F
    0.848096327
     
    P(F<=f) one-tail
    0.228354436
     
    F Critical one-tail
    0.690790631
     
     
     
     
     
    variances are equal
    as p value > .05
     
     
     
    t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances
     
     
     
     
     
     
    American Age
    Others Age
    Mean
    26.86451613
    27.19148936
    Variance
    15.10490155
    17.81036078
    Observations
    155
    47
    Pooled Variance
    15.72715717
     
    Hypothesized Mean Difference
    0
     
    df
    200
     
    t Stat
    -0.495137912
     
    P(T<=t) one-tail
    0.310523156
     
    t Critical one-tail
    1.652508101
     
    P(T<=t) two-tail
    0.621046312
     
    t Critical two-tail
    1.971896224
     
     
     
     
    conclusion
    American Ages are not statistically different from rest of others players
    As p value is greater than level of significance 0.05
Hypothesis test 4: t test for comparison of wages of American players & others
    F-Test Two-Sample for...
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