It is a short speech script for a presentation in workshop,I don't need PPT, topic isWANs, should present valuable contents which are not included in the lectures and textbook and PPT.The papers or industry articles which are used to write this speech script are required for submission, and to share the findings in the presentation.
The workshops will be in the form of academic/research forum where you will be required to make presentations.
CRITERIA SHEET:
Insightful and accurate discussion of the main technical results of the paperor industry article, including how the work relates to content covered in lectures. Presentation is well structured. Clear and confident delivery.
The topic came from one of the chapters in this textbook which is for the lectures:Network+ Guide to Networks, 7th Edition, Jill West; Tamara Dean; Jean Andrews, Cengage, ISBN-10: 1-305- 09094-2, ISBN-13: 978-1-305-09094-1
Lecture PPT attached.
Thank you very much.
CCNA 1 Module 11 TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers CP1402 – Internet Fundamentals Wide Area Networks Objectives Describe several WAN transmission and connection methods, including T-carriers, frame relay, DSL, broadband cable, ATM, SONET, MPLS, and Metro Ethernet Describe wireless WAN technologies, including 802.16 (WiMAX), HSPA+, LTE, and satellite communications Explore common problems with WAN connections and ways to prevent Internet connection problems 2 Objectives Identify a variety of uses for WANs Explain different WAN topologies, including their advantages and disadvantages Compare the characteristics of WAN technologies, including their switching type, throughput, media, security, and reliability Describe several WAN transmission and connection methods, including dial-up, ISDN, T-carriers, frame relay, DSL, broadband cable, broadband over power line, ATM, SONET, MPLS, and Metro Ethernet WAN Essentials WAN Network traversing some distance, connecting LANs Transmission methods depend on business needs WAN and LAN differences LANs connect nodes; WANs connect networks Layers 1 and 2 access methods, topologies, media LAN wiring: privately owned WAN wiring: public through NSPs (network service providers) 3 WAN Essentials WAN Network traversing some distance, connecting LANs Transmission methods depend on business needs WAN and LAN differences LANs connect nodes; WANs connect networks Layers 1 and 2 access methods, topologies, media LAN wiring: privately owned WAN wiring: public through NSPs (network service providers) Examples: AT&T, Verizon, Charter, and Comcast 3 WAN Essentials WAN site Individual geographic locations connected by WAN WAN link Connection between one WAN site and another site Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Customer’s endpoint device on the WAN Communicates on the LAN Data Communications Equipment (DCE) Carrier’s endpoint device for the WAN Communicates on the WAN 4 WAN Essentials WAN site Individual geographic locations connected by WAN WAN link Connection between one WAN site and another site Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Customer’s endpoint device on the WAN Communicates on the LAN Data Communications Equipment (DCE) Carrier’s endpoint device for the WAN Communicates on the WAN 4 WAN Essentials 5 WAN Essentials 5 WAN Essentials 6 WAN Essentials 6 Types of Telco-provided WAN links 7 WAN Dedicated Switched T-Carriers DSL Frame Relay ATM Metro Ethernet WAN Essentials WAN site Individual geographic locations connected by WAN WAN link Connection between one WAN site and another site Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Customer’s endpoint device on the WAN Communicates on the LAN Data Communications Equipment (DCE) Carrier’s endpoint device for the WAN Communicates on the WAN 7 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Network of lines, carrier equipment providing telephone service Also called POTS (plain old telephone service) Encompasses entire telephone system Originally: analog traffic Today: digital data, computer controlled switching CO (central office) Where telephone company terminates lines Switches calls between different locations 8 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Network of lines, carrier equipment providing telephone service Also called POTS (plain old telephone service) Encompasses entire telephone system Originally: analog traffic Today: digital data, computer controlled switching CO (central office) Where telephone company terminates lines Switches calls between different locations 8 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Local loop (last mile) Portion connecting residence, business to nearest CO NIU (network interface unit) Termination point at customer’s demarcation point 9 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Local loop (last mile) Portion connecting residence, business to nearest CO NIU (network interface unit) Termination point at customer’s demarcation point FTTP (fibre to the premises) Use of a fibre-optic cable to connect a home or business Example of a digital local loop Passive optical network (PON) Carrier uses fibre-optic cabling to connect with multiple endpoints 9 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) FTTP (fibre to the premises) Use of a fibre-optic cable to connect a home or business Example of a digital local loop Passive optical network (PON) Carrier uses fibre-optic cabling to connect with multiple endpoints 10 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) OLT (optical line terminal) Single endpoint at carrier’s central office in a PON Device with multiple optical ports (PON interfaces) ONU (optical network unit) Distributes signals to multiple endpoints using fibre-optic cable Or via copper or coax cable 10 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) OLT (optical line terminal) Single endpoint at carrier’s central office in a PON Device with multiple optical ports (PON interfaces) ONU (optical network unit) Distributes signals to multiple endpoints using fibre-optic cable Or via copper or coax cable 11 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) OLT (optical line terminal) Single endpoint at carrier’s central office in a PON Device with multiple optical ports (PON interfaces) ONU (optical network unit) Distributes signals to multiple endpoints using fibre-optic cable Or via copper or coax cable 11 T-Carriers T-carrier technology includes: T1s, fractional T1s, and T3s T-carrier standards (T-CXR standards) Specify a method of signaling A physical layer operation Single channel divided into multiple channels Uses TDM (time division multiplexing) over two wire pairs Medium Telephone wire, fibre-optic cable, wireless links 12 T-Carriers T-carrier technology includes: T1s, fractional T1s, and T3s T-carrier standards (T-CXR standards) Specify a method of signaling A physical layer operation Single channel divided into multiple channels Uses TDM (time division multiplexing) over two wire pairs Medium Telephone wire, fibre-optic cable, wireless links 12 Frame Relay Frame relay Group of Layer 2 protocols originally designed as a fast packet-switched network over ISDN Today is used as the Data Link protocol for various circuit interfaces and media Data-link connection identifier (DLCI) Identifier routers read to determine which circuit to use for the frame Frame relay is a connection-oriented protocol 13 Frame Relay Frame relay Group of Layer 2 protocols originally designed as a fast packet-switched network over ISDN Today is used as the Data Link protocol for various circuit interfaces and media Data-link connection identifier (DLCI) Identifier routers read to determine which circuit to use for the frame Frame relay is a connection-oriented protocol 13 Frame Relay Supports two types of virtual circuits: SVC (switched virtual circuit) Connections established when parties need to transmit, then terminated after transmission is complete PVC (permanent virtual circuit) Connections established before data needs to be transmitted and are maintained after transmission Advantage Pay for only the amount of bandwidth required Less expensive than other WAN technologies 14 Frame Relay Supports two types of virtual circuits: SVC (switched virtual circuit) Connections established when parties need to transmit, then terminated after transmission is complete PVC (permanent virtual circuit) Connections established before data needs to be transmitted and are maintained after transmission Advantage Pay for only the amount of bandwidth required Less expensive than other WAN technologies 14 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Operates over PSTN Directly competes with T-1 and broadband cable Requires repeaters for longer distances Best suited for WAN local loop Supports multiple data, voice channels Over a single line Uses advanced data modulation techniques Data signal alters carrier signal properties Amplitude or phase modulation 15 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Operates over PSTN Directly competes with T-1 and broadband cable Requires repeaters for longer distances Best suited for WAN local loop Supports multiple data, voice channels Over a single line Uses advanced data modulation techniques Data signal alters carrier signal properties Amplitude or phase modulation 15 Types of DSL xDSL refers to all DSL varieties ADSL, G.Lite, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, SHDSL Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical Downstream Data travels from carrier’s switching facility to customer Upstream Data travels from customer to carrier’s switching facility 16 Types of DSL xDSL refers to all DSL varieties ADSL, G.Lite, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, SHDSL Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical Downstream Data travels from carrier’s switching facility to customer Upstream Data travels from customer to carrier’s switching facility 16 Types of DSL Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical Asymmetrical More throughput in one direction Downstream throughput higher than upstream throughput Best use: video conferencing, web surfing Symmetrical Equal capacity for upstream, downstream data Examples: HDSL, SDSL, SHDSL Best use: uploading, downloading significant data amounts 17 Types of DSL Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical (cont’d) Asymmetrical More throughput in one direction Downstream throughput higher than upstream throughput Best use: video conferencing, web surfing Symmetrical Equal capacity for upstream, downstream data Examples: HDSL, SDSL, SHDSL Best use: uploading, downloading significant data amounts 17 Types of DSL Capacity and Maximum Line Length Varies in terms of capacity and maximum line length VDSL carries as much as 52 Mbps can extend only a maximum of 1000 feet Most popular form of DSL is ADSL Latest version is ADSL2+M Provides maximum throughput of 24 Mbps downstream and 3.3 Mbps upstream 18 Types of DSL Capacity and Maximum Line Length Varies in terms of capacity and maximum line length VDSL carries as much as 52 Mbps can extend only a maximum of 1000 feet Most popular form of DSL is ADSL Latest version is ADSL2+M Provides maximum throughput of 24 Mbps downstream and 3.3 Mbps upstream 18 DSL Connectivity ADSL: common example on home computer Establish TCP connection Transmit through DSL modem Internal or external Splitter separates incoming voice, data signals May connect to switch or router 19 DSL Connectivity ADSL: common example on home computer Establish TCP connection Transmit through DSL modem Internal or external Splitter separates incoming voice, data signals May connect to switch or router 19 DSL Connectivity ADSL DSL modem forwards modulated signal to local loop Signal continues over four-pair UTP wire Distance less than 6km: signal combined with other modulated signals in telephone switch Carrier’s remote switching facility Splitter separates data signal from voice signals Request sent to DSLAM (DSL access multiplexer) Request issued from carrier’s network to Internet backbone 20 DSL Connectivity ADSL (cont’d.) DSL modem forwards modulated signal to local loop Signal continues over four-pair UTP wire Distance less than 18,000 feet: signal combined with other modulated signals in telephone switch Carrier’s remote switching facility Splitter separates data signal from voice signals Request sent to DSLAM (DSL access multiplexer) Request issued from carrier’s network to Internet backbone 20 DSL Connectivity 21 DSL Connectivity 21 Broadband Cable Cable companies connectivity option Based on coaxial cable wiring used for TV signals Theoretical transmission speeds 100 Mbps downstream; 20 Mbps upstream Real transmission 10 Mbps downstream; 3 Mbps upstream Transmission limited ( throttled) Shared physical connections Best uses Web surfing or network data download 22 Broadband Cable Cable companies connectivity option Based on coaxial cable wiring used for TV signals Theoretical transmission speeds 100 Mbps downstream; 20 Mbps upstream Real transmission 10 Mbps downstream; 3 Mbps upstream Transmission limited ( throttled) Shared physical connections Best uses Web surfing or network data download 22 Broadband Cable Cable modem Modulates, demodulates transmission, reception signals via cable wiring Operates at Physical and Data Link layer May connect to connectivity device 23 Broadband Cable Cable modem Modulates, demodulates transmission, reception signals via cable wiring Operates at Physical and Data Link layer May connect to connectivity device 23 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Functions at the Data Link layer Asynchronous communications method Nodes do not conform to predetermined schemes Specifying data transmissions timing Each character transmitted Start and stop bits Specifies Data Link layer framing techniques Fixed packet size Packet (cell) 48 data bytes plus 5-byte header 24 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Functions at the Data Link layer Asynchronous communications method Nodes do not conform to predetermined schemes Specifying data transmissions timing Each character transmitted Start and stop bits Specifies