Investigators develop a study to determine if the yearly influenza vaccine is effective in preventing influenza in those persons 65 years of age and older. A local survey identified 117 persons who fit the age criteria and had laboratory-confirmed influenza in the past year. The survey also identified 383 persons fitting the age criteria who reported no influenza in the past year. Interviews revealed that 70 of the 117 persons reporting influenza did not receive an influenza vaccine the previous year while 287 of the 383 persons reporting no influenza did receive their annual influenza vaccination.
- What type of epidemiological study is this?
- Provide a 2x2 table with the data organized so that we can evaluate whether annual influenza vaccinations are effective in those persons 65 years of age or older. (Show all pertinent tables, calculations. etc)
- Using the appropriate measure of association determine if the annual influenza vaccination is effective in preventing influenza infections in those over 65 years of age.
- A study of oral contraceptive use and it’s relation to the subsequent development of bladder infections in women was conducted. In 1973 a group of 2390 women, between the ages of 16-49 years old, who were free of bladder infections, was selected. Of these women, 482 were oral contraceptive users, while 1908 were not. In 1976 a second survey was conducted and revealed that 27 of the oral contraceptive users had developed bladder infections while 77 of the non-contraceptive users had developed bladder infections.
- What type of epidemiological study is this?
- Complete a 2x2 table for the data in this study.
- From this study, is the risk of bladder infection in women associated with the use oral contraceptives? What is the nature of this association if one exists? (show all pertinent tables and calculations)
3. Sixty three people ate dinner at Chateau Moose Restaurant on February 14, 2012. Twenty six experienced foodborne disease as a result of their meal. Calculate the attack rate of foodborne disease for this event.
4.
DEATH RATES FOR 2005 |
MALES |
FEMALES |
BOTH |
ALL CAUSES |
1,172,959 |
1,139,185 |
2,312,144 |
ACCIDENTS |
61,401 |
31,919 |
93,320 |
NEOPLASMS |
281,611 |
256,844 |
538,455 |
VIRAL HEPATITIS |
2,076 |
1,324 |
3400 |
INFANT DEATHS |
16,622 |
12,961 |
29,583 |
MATERNAL DEATHS |
NA |
289 |
289 |
TOTAL POPULATION |
128,313,798 |
134,441,472 |
262,755,720 |
- Calculate the crude death rate per 100,000.
- Calculate the cause-specific death rate per 100,000 for accidents in the male population.
- Calculate the cause-specific death rate per 100,000 for viral hepatitis in females.
- Calculate the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births if the total number of live births was 3,899,598.
- Calculate the infant mortality rate per 1000 live births.
5. Given the following data, calculate and properly report the incidence density of head colds.
Subject Number of Head Colds Number of Months Followed
Kathleen 3 22
Sarah 2 19
Nichole 1 24
Jasmine 2 24
Jennifer 4 16
Coreen 1 24
6. In 2009 there were 81,634 deaths in a particular population of 27,375,921 individuals. 21,853 deaths were from HIV/AIDS; 9,550 deaths were from heart-related deaths and diabetes was responsible for 1,362 deaths.
For each of the three conditions calculate the proportionate mortality ratio and the cause-specific death rate per 100,000 of population. (six calculations in total each).