INSTRUCTION: Use this Word document to fill in the answers to the questions. The answers must be supported either by typing out the calculation process or by pasting SPSS output or data as instructed....

INSTRUCTION:

Use this Word document to fill in the answers to the questions. The answers must be supported either by typing out the calculation process or by pasting SPSS output or data as instructed. When prompted to paste something from the SPSS data or output file, you may use the copy/paste function or take a screen shot of the relevant part to paste in as a picture.

Information about the data set for Q1 and Q2:

A longitudinal project was conducted to study the executive and memory functions of elderly residents in a community. The participants were assessed every few years with a set of cognitive tests. Demographic and health information was also collected. The data set for Q1 and Q2 is part of the data from that project.

Data Preparation for Q1 and Q2 (No point is earned if SPSS data file is missing)

Create an SPSS data file from the data set by importing Q1Q2 data set into SPSS and submit the file with your assignment. Make sure the SPSS data file meets the following criteria:

(1 point total: deduct .5 for each error up to 1 point total.)

- All variables are imported

- All variables are configured correctly in “Measure” under the “Variable View”

- The “Values” of the variables, “Marital”, “Gender”, and “EducR” should be specified under “Variable View”

Q1. Perform and Interpret a One-Way ANOVA(15 points total, If SPSS output is missing for this analysis, 50% of the total number of earned points will be deducted)

We are interested in whether executive function (EF1) is related to educational levels. To answer this question with a one-way ANOVA, education level (number of years of schooling) has been recoded to three levels as a new variable Educ-R: associate degree or under, bachelor’s degree, and graduate studies.

A. What is the null hypothesis (in words)? What are the DV and IV?

(3 points total: 1 for hypothesis, 1 for each variable)

Null Hypothesis: Executive function is related to educational levels.

DV:

IV:

B. Was the test for homogeneity of variances significant? What does it tell us about the ANOVA assumption of equal variances among the groups?

-Be sure to paste the relevant output table here to support the answer.

(2 points total: 1 for significance result, 1 for assumption result. No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)

C. Report the results of the one-way ANOVA using symbols in the APA format.

-Be sure to include theFstatistic, thepvalue, and the effect sizeƞ²
.

-Be sure to paste the relevant output table here to support the answer.

-The calculation process forƞ²
must be shown, but separately from the line of APA report of the statistics.(5 points total: 1 point each forF,p, andƞ²
, 1 for calculation process forƞ²
, 1 for APA format.No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)

D. Make a decision about the null hypothesis (reject or fail to reject) based on the test result, and then write 1-2 sentences to directly answer the research question above based on the ANOVA result.(2 point, 1 for each question)

E. If post hoc analysis was necessary, discuss the findings in questions 1 and 2 below. Be sure to paste the relevant table here to support your answer.If post hoc analysis was not necessary, skip this question E and go to question F.

E1. Which test was used to compare the groups?(1 point)

E2. Which groups are different significantly and which groups are not? Be specific about which group has significantly higher or lower executive function compared towhichother group, and include thepvalues to support your answer.(2 points total: discussion of significant differences=1, discussion of non-significant differences=1. No credit earned if no table is pasted.)

F.If post hoc analysis was not necessary, plot a bar or line graph to show the mean executive function for the different degree groups.(3 points total: 1 each for graph type, title/axis labels, and correct data.)

Q2. Comparing One-Way ANOVA with Independent-SamplestTest(10 points total, If SPSS output is missing for this analysis, 50% of the total number of earned points will be deducted)

Last week, we performed attest to compare males and females in terms of their age at the first testing session (age1). This question could also be answered by a one-way ANOVA, so let’s perform the ANOVA and compare the results with thettest result from last week.

A. Was the test for homogeneity of variances significant? What does it tell us about the ANOVA assumption of equal variances among the groups? Be sure to paste the relevant output table here to support the answer.(2 points total: 1 for significance result, 1 for assumption conclusion. No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)

B. Report the results using symbols in the APA format.

-Be sure to include theFstatistic, thepvalue, and the effect sizeƞ²
.

-Be sure to paste the relevant output table to support your answer.

-The calculation process forƞ²
must be shown, but separately from the line of APA report of statistics.(3.5 points total: 1 point each forF,p, andƞ²
, .5 for calculation process of ƞ².No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)

C. Would you reject the null hypothesis? What is the answer to the research question?(2 points, 1 for each answer)

D. Report thettest result from last week that answered the same research question, including thetstatistic, thepvalue, and the effect sized,in APA format.(1 point, deduct .5 for any error)

Hint: If you made any error with the t test result last week, be sure to correct it first.

E. Compare the results from the one-way ANOVA (Q2B above) and the results from thettest (Q2D above) and answer the following questions:

1. Point out one different statistic between the results of the two tests.(.5 point)

Note: Any visible difference in the SPSS output is acceptable.

2. Point out one similarity between the results of the two tests.(.5 point)

Note: Any visible similarity in the SPSS output is acceptable.

3. Did the one-way ANOVA and the independent-samplesttest lead to the same hypothesis test decision?(.5 point)

Data Preparation for Q3 (No point is earned if SPSS data file is missing)

For this question set, import the worksheet “Q3data” into SPSS to create a data file. Be sure to submit this SPSS data file with your assignment to earn this credit.

(1 point total: deduct .5 for each error up to 1 point total)

Q3. Perform and interpret a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA(7 points total, If SPSS output is missing for this analysis, 50% of the total number of earned points will be deducted)

This data set was adapted from one of my own experiments. In this experiment, I examined people’s memory for colors of drawings of ordinary objects while recording their brainwaves. Because I needed to have a large number of trials to analyze the brainwave data properly and people couldn’t possibly remember that many pictures all at once, I tested the subjects in 3 separate sessions with breaks in between sessions.

The data set shows the percent correct for each subject in the 3 sessions. Because color memory test is a relatively difficult task, it is of interest to me to see if there were significant differences across the sessions in performance. If there were changes in the upward direction, it may indicate some practice effect in the subjects’ color memory performance (that is, people get better at remembering colors after going through multiple sessions). For this question, perform a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with the factor of “session” (3 levels) and the DV of color memory score.

A.Determine if the assumption of sphericity has been met by our data. Report the test of sphericity result (p value) and explain whether the assumption is met. Be sure to paste the relevant output tables here.

(2 points total: 1 for each question. No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)

B. Report the test result in APA format (includingF statistic, p value, and partial
h²
). Be sure to paste the relevant output tables here to support your answer.

(3 points total: 1 point for each statistic,dfs must be correct for F to earn credit. No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)

C. What is the answer to the research question based on the test result?

(1 point)

D. Requestsimplecontrasts for the variable of “session” if you did not do so when you ran the ANOVA. Examine the contrasts and discuss your observation regarding any significant difference (or lack of difference) between the different sessions, citingpvalues to support your answer. Be sure to paste the relevant output table here to support your answer.

(2 points total: 1 for discussion of significance, 1 for discussion of p values. No credit is earned if no table is pasted.)