In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note : For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t -table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller . In some...


In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal.Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student'st-table, use the closest d.f. that issmaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase theP-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer.

In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the U.S. and foreign countries. Sex ratios for eight study sites in northern Europe are shown below.

















































Location of Wolf Pack% Males (Winter)% Males (Summer)
Finland8870
Finland5558
Finland8365
Lapland5548
Lapland6455
Russia5050
Russia4150
Russia5545



It is hypothesized that in winter, "loner" males (not present in summer packs) join the pack to increase survival rate. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the average percentage of males in a wolf pack is higher in winter. (Letd = winter − summer.)


(a)What is the level of significance?=__

What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)=__




Jun 10, 2022
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