In order to establish a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variable, we must establish that: Variation in the independent variable is associated with variation in the dependent...

Independent and dependent variables

Extracted text: In order to establish a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variable, we must establish that: Variation in the independent variable is associated with variation in the dependent variable · O Variation in the independent variable (or exposure to the independent variable) occurred before the variation in the dependent variable The relationship/association between the independent variable and dependent variable is not due to another variable O All of the above