In a flowering plant species, snapdragons, variation in flower color is determined by a single gene. RR genotype individuals are red, Rr genotype individuals are pink, and rr genotype individuals are...

In a flowering plant species, snapdragons, variation in flower color is determined by a single gene.
RRgenotype individuals are red,
Rrgenotype individuals are pink, and
rr
genotype individuals are white. In a cross between two heterozygous (Rr) individuals, the expected ratio of red:pink:white-flowered offsprings is 1:2:1. Biologists did two cross experiments, and ask whether the results differ significantly from the expected.

(a) The first cross experiment ends up with 40 offsprings, including 10 red, 21 pink, and 9 white.

1. Write the null and alternative hypothesis for the chi-square test.

1. Use R to conduct the chi-square and determine the p-value. (The expected proportion must sum up to one)

1. Interpret the p-value and state the conclusion from your test.