Imagine that, when we were interested in the association between energy intake and heart disease we had conducted a cohort study instead of a case–control study. The results of this study are shown in...

Imagine that, when we were interested in the association between energy intake and heart disease we had conducted a cohort study instead of a case–control study. The results of this study are shown in Table 8.12

(a) What is the crude rate ratio for the association between high energy intake and heart disease? (b) What is the rate ratio for the association between high energy intake and heart disease in people with (i) high and (ii) low levels of physical activity? (c) Is the association between high energy intake and heart disease confounded by the level of physical activity?

Table 8.12