Identifying Bacteria Through Staining Under a powerful light microscope, it is possible to see something as small as a single bacterium. However, different types of bacteria can look very similar even...

Identifying Bacteria Through Staining

Under a powerful light microscope, it is possible to see something as small as a single bacterium. However, different types of bacteria can look very similar even at high magnification. In such cases, scientists use a variety of stains to tell types of bacteria apart. This technique is calleddifferential staining.
In this activity, you will observe how different types of bacteria appear when stained using this technique.
You are to write a 1-page Lab Report using the Scientific Method sections below. Your Pearson report is your data to support your report. Attach the Pearson report as part of your lab report results. The Pearson questions are to help you understand the topic and may be used in your report to support your findings.

Complete the steps of the scientific method for your lab option choice. Use these headings in your paper, please.


Purpose:

State the purpose of the lab.

Introduction:

This is an investigation of what is currently known about the question being asked. Use background information from credible references to write a short summary about concepts in the lab. List and cite references in APA style.

Hypothesis / Predicted Outcome:

An hypothesis is an “educated guess.” Based on what you have learned and written about in the Introduction, state what you expect to be the results of the lab procedures.

Methods:

Summarize the procedures that you used in the lab.
The Methods section should also state clearly how data (numbers) were collected during the lab; these will be reported in the Results/ Outcome section.

Results/Outcome:

Provide here any results / data that were generated doing the lab procedure.

Discussion/Analysis:

In this section, state clearly whether you obtained the expected results, and the outcome was as expected. Note: You can use answers to any multiple choice or essay questions you filled out in the lab to help you discuss the results and what you learned.
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference list and in-text citations for references used in the Introduction section.
Give your paper a title and number and identify each section as specified above. Although the hypothesis will be a one sentence answer, the other sections will need to be paragraphs to adequately explain your experiment.
Submit your assignment as a MS Word document.

What bacterial shapes did you observe?

The shapes that I observe were rod shapes bacterial.

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Part B -The Gram stain
Many species of bacteria have the basic shapes you observed in Part A. One method scientists can use to tell similar-looking bacteria apart is called the Gram stain. Depending on what their outermost coverings are made of (e.g., cell walls, membranes, or other coverings), Gram-stained bacteria turn either purple or reddish pink.

• Gram-positive bacteria turn purple.


• Gram-negative bacteria turn reddish pink.

In the compound microscope image menu, click on the thumbnail titledCholera bacteria. Next, chooseStrep bacteria (cocci, Gram stain). (You may have to scroll to almost the bottom of the list.)

Of the two species you looked at, one is Gram-positive and one is Gram-negative. Which is which?

cocci gram stain is positive and cholera bacteria gram stain is negative.

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Part C -The acid-fast stain
The Gram stain doesn’t work on all species of bacteria. Acid-fast bacteria, for instance, have a unique, acid-resistant lipid cell wall that interferes with the Gram staining process. However, the acid-fast stain combines with this lipid covering. Acid-fast organisms appear red against a blue background in an acid-fast stain.

In the compound microscope image menu, click on the thumbnail titledTuberculosis bacteria (acid-fast stain).

Record your observations of the shape and appearance of the tuberculosis bacteria.

The tuberculosis (acid -fast satin ) has waxy cell of mycobacteria. The shapes are red rods.

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Part D -Endospores and stain
Some bacteria form hardy structures known as endospores. An endospore is a dormant cell that is highly resistant to heat (including boiling), drying out, nutrient depletion, and physical damage. Endospores appear under the microscope as large lumps at the ends of some of the bacteria.

In the compound microscope image menu, click on the thumbnails titledBotulism bacteria (malachite stain)andBotulism bacteria (Gram stain).

Record your observations of the appearance of the endospores with the two different stains.

Botulism bacteria(malachite satin) has green and red rods shape.Botulism bacteria(gram stain)
has red and purple rod that show in all the rod shape.

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Part E -The flagella stain
Some bacteria have flagella--whip-like structures used for locomotion. Often, they are difficult to see under the microscope because they are very thin. A technique called the flagella stain coats bacterial flagella in stain, making them thicker and more visible.

In the compound microscope image menu, click on the thumbnail titledFlagellar bacteria.

Record your observations of the appearance of the bacteria and their flagella. How many flagella does each bacterium have?

The thing that I observe is a stain flagella and each of the bacterium has different number of flagella.

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Part F -Think it over
Suppose you have a bacterial sample that contains a mixture of rod-shaped and spherical bacteria.

Using only the Gram stain technique, how many types of bacteria could you identify in the sample? Explain your reasoning.

Even if you have a mixture rod-shaped and spherical bacteria you would two type because you
would get a negative gram bacteria and a positive gram.bacteria.

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Part G -Think it over
Staining isn’t the only way scientists distinguish between different types of bacteria.

Suggest another method that could distinguish among different types of bacteria that appear similar under the microscope. Explain how this method would work.

(Hint: Different species may have different nutritional or metabolic requirements.)


It would depend on what type of bacteria they might be looking for and what type of species they have.They maybe can use a different type of gram satin.