I want you to do only one section of the report which is (3.2 process description), you can find it in the attached file, this is group report so please try to avoid the same information in other...

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I want you to do only one section of the report which is (3.2 process description), you can find it in the attached file, this is group report so please try to avoid the same information in other sections of the report, I chose to write about (freeze drying process in 3.2 section), for example, do not write similar things about the process where in the introduction and literature review have them. The instructions of this section in the attached file. max 4 pages. Also please include in-text citation and references of Harvard style.


SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING The Production of Instant Coffee : Freeze vs. Spray Drying Group 4 10 March, 2020 Summary Instant coffee, also commonly known as coffee powder is the concentrated product of roasted, crushed and then dried coffee beans. The process in which these beans are dried can greatly impact factors such as the size, texture, aroma and flavour of the coffee produced. It is thereby important to understand and implement the most appropriate drying method in order to increase the overall quality of the product. This quality should not compromise the sustainability of the process, the quantity of coffee produced and subsequent revenue, but should still appeal to the general public. This causes a delicate balance between the quantity and quality of production. The main objective of this report is to construct the design for an instant coffee production facility located in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, that produces 5100 tonnes of dried instant coffee per annum. After exploring the advantages and disadvantages of spray drying, freeze dying and a third option of combining the two methods into a spray-freeze drying step, the most appropriate method will be chosen to construct the production plant. The final method will be chosen based on its quality, ability to meet the quantity of production required per annum as well as the relevant economic and environmental sustainability factors. With this report, all three methods were reviewed through literature and pre-existing real life examples to better understand each method and the Need to discuss the findings once we choose a method…. · Approach: How did you go about solving or making progress on the problem? · Literature review: What are the main processes used? Compare them briefly and highlight differences. · Results: What are the specific findings and outcomes from your research project? If design based, what did the literature survey, model development show? If experimental based, what are the actual experimental results that you need to show? · Conclusions / Recommendations: What are the implications of your findings and where do you go from here? Are your results general or specific to a particular case? Acknowledgments Table of Contents This TOC is generated automatically from the headers in the subsequent report. You update it by Right Click – Update Field/Update Entire Table. Do not type over it! 1 Introduction................................................................................................................ 7 2 Literature Review....................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Process Choice 1............................................................................................ 8 2.2 Process Choice 2............................................................................................ 9 2.3 Process Choice 3............................................................................................ 9 3 Results...................................................................................................................... 10 3.1 The best process........................................................................................... 10 3.2 Process Description...................................................................................... 10 3.3 Mass and energy balance.............................................................................. 10 3.4 Sizing............................................................................................................ 10 3.5 Cost estimation and process improvement................................................... 10 4 Conclusions.............................................................................................................. 11 5 References................................................................................................................ 12 6 Appendices............................................................................................................... 13 6.1 Appendix 1.....................................................
Answered Same DayApr 01, 2021

Answer To: I want you to do only one section of the report which is (3.2 process description), you can find it...

Metali answered on Apr 08 2021
164 Votes
3.2 Process Description
Sublimation is the primary concept in freeze-drying, that is the change of a solid directly to gas. The process of Sublimation takes place when a molecule gains ample energy so that it can b
e free from the molecules surrounding it. Water changes from a solid to liquid only when the molecules gain ample energy to free themselves to break free but to conditions may not be right for the formation of liquid. Heat and pressure are the deciding factors behind what phase a substance will be taking (Suwelack and Kunke, 2002). In order to take any specific phase, the pressure and temperature should be within a specific range. If the conditions are not complied, it may not be possible for the phase to exist. Figure below indicates the required temperature and pressure value for different phases of the water.
Figure: Water phase diagram
From the above table, it can be observed that at an atmospheric pressure of 1 ATM and temperature between 0-100, the phase of water changes to liquid form. However, if the temperature is above 0, but the atmospheric pressure is below 0.06 ATM, there is not enough pressure for formation of liquid. Therefore, there is a direct conversion to gas.
Freeze-dried coffee extract generally named as instant coffee is generally produced as granule. There are multiple drying processes, however, freeze-drying is preferred as it enables in obtaining a premium quality product, which can be hydrated with ease along with retaining organoleptic properties, due to low operating temperatures. Figure indicates the various steps to be carried out for obtaining freeze-dried coffee.
Figure: Coffee processing flowchart
Description:
The item was placed at the racks of a drying chamber, in which it was primarily cooled at sufficiently low temperature (less than 50) to ensure that there is freezing of most water. After that, the products were dropped on the cooled belt in a proportion that is sufficient for formation of coffee pellets of diameter 4-7mm, approximately 6mm was preferred, and a height of 2.5-3.5mm, preferred height was 3mm. There was screening of pellets in the frozen...
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