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Counseling Theory 1
Running Head: COUNSELING THEORY
Counseling Theory
Counseling Theory 2
Counseling Theory
Mr. Mendes de Leon is a client of the Hills Treatment Center Partial Hospitalization
Program those faced depression, anxiety and schizophrenia problems at long time period. On the
other hand, his health problems had been generated after the death of his wife before the 5 years
and due to face loneliness in the life after his wife disease. In addition, his children also lived in
other cities due to this it lives alone that was enhanced its health issue. In this paper, I select
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a counseling theory with this person to address
dysfunctional emotions and behavior of Mr. Mendes.
Reason behind the Selection of CBT
CBT is based on psychological models of human behavior and emotion and also included
various ranges of treatment approaches for improvement in emotional disorders person. The
name of the theory indicates that it is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy
and generally many therapists uses it for dealing with depression and anxiety patients (Zayfert &
Becker, 2006). On the basis of interviews paper, Mr. Mendes also faced the anxiety, depression
and schizophrenia problems, so I am selecting the CBT to resolve his complicated problem.
On the other hand, the combination of the two therapies, that is cognitive and behavior
therapy more effective rather than other therapies. According to Ellis (2006), CBT is also
effective for the treatment of various conditions such as anxiety, personality, mood, eating, drug
or smoking abuse and psychotic person. On the basis of this, I think that through adopt of CBT I
should be improved Mr. Mendes current quality of life. In addition, CBT appropriate for his and
fit with his higher education level and the improvement of its health problems.
Initial Problem Selection
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In my interview with Mr. Mendes, it was provided evident to me that after his wife's
death he was living alone in the life and due to this he could not express his emotion with others
that was impacted its health or routine daily activities. On the other hand, Mr. Mendes has faced
mental health issued but for this paper, I selected them to address her issue related to emotions
and heartbreak (Schulz et al, 2006). In addition, emotions, behavior and heartbreak related aspect
is not addressed in interview paper, so this research addresses these aspects as a separate
condition.
In the same way, many authors such as Schulz et al (2006) and Shear, Frank, Houck &
Reynolds (2005), explain briefly about the issue of diagnostic criteria for heartbreak or sorrow.
On the basis of my personal interview with Mr. Mendes he comes through the model of
diagnostic criteria, which is proposed by various authors in above. On the based on the interview,
I think he would face complicated grief. The Shear, Frank, Houck & Reynolds (2005) explain the
way of treatment of complicated grief or heartbreak that would use by me with Mr. Mendes to
meet the criteria of the score.
On the other hand, Boelen & Bout (2005) predict about the model of cognitive-behavioral
conceptualization of complicated grief that would help me in addressing complicated grief or
heartbreak situation of Mr. Mendes. In addition, this model provides me framework related to
human grief, emotion and behavior that would be effective for me to adopt psychotherapy to
older client. The model of cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of complicated grief provides a
framework for the generation of hypotheses regarding the mechanisms that underline
complicated grief (CG) and that can be used for treatment of the target person.
Generally, three processes are used for maintenance of CG that is the integration of the
loss of the base of autobiographical knowledge, misunderstandings of grief reactions and
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avoidance strategies for depression or anxious. The model is realized how background variables
and core of interacting process influence CG. This model describes the characteristics of grief
that would be beneficial for me to identify the sequence of stages by which Mr. Mendes goes
toward recovery and resolution of loss. According to this model, successful grief work refers to
breaking the bonds with the family members and reestablished new relationships with others
(Shear, Frank, Houck & Reynolds, 2005). All of these aspects fit with Mr. Mendes case or
situation due to his feelings and beliefs about the lonely life and loss of her wife.
Discussion of the Model
In this section, I will represent the evidence to show how Mr. Mendes relate to this
model. The model starts with three areas of background variables that can generate problematic
within a person related to bereavement or sadness. In Mr. Mendes case, I did not say that he
faced bereavement problem on the base of only one interview conduct with his. On the other
hand, individual exposure factors may dispose his to CF or sorrow.
In addition, the other scope area is characteristics of loss event. In this field the author
focuses on losses those are related to autobiographical knowledge and intrusive memories.
Although bereaved persons may not suffer of sadness but it may anger and suspicions about the
losses of people those supporting them. They may blame themselves or others for its personal
losses or losses of his family member or close person (Carlson, 2008). For example, many
widows blame self for his husband's death that is the main reason of her depression. In the
context of this paper, I was not able to find specific to this, I believe assume that the death of his
wife would be different in comparison to the others expected deaths.
Another variable is the characteristics of the loss scale that deal the social environment of
the bereaved patients. Malkinson (2001) predicts that widows and widowers can feel so sad,
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angry and suspicions...