I Need this PowerPoint done, I also need you guys to make a flashcard per slide, to tell me what I will be saying while i'm presenting. The powerpoint has to be similar to the teachers I need 7 pages. I can do the cover page, For slide 2 it has to be an overview (what i'll be talking about point 1, point 2, point 3). For slide 3 you list a couple bullets for point 1 and than make me a note card on what i will be saying during my presentation, Same for slide 4 and 5. Than for slide 6 you just rewrite the overview and than slide 7 it's the reference slide
PLS Research project Marian Daud Methods of Human Identification Professor Robert L. Hunkeler April 11th, 2022 Tattoo and Human Identification Biometric frameworks for mechanized acknowledgment of people in view of physical (unique finger impression, face, and iris) and social (mark and stride) qualities have been made in various ways. Despite critical specialized progressions, various occasions exist where essential biometric highlights are either inaccessible or difficult to secure, or where the nature of recognized photographs is deficient. 'Delicate' biometric highlights including tallness, sex, eye tone, nationality, scars, markings, and tattoos could assist with recognizing an individual in specific circumstances. Albeit these elective characteristics can't separate in an exceptional manner, they in all actuality do remember segregating data that guides for reducing the choices. Subsequently, regulation implementation organizations assemble and store this sort of segment information in their data sets. Scars, markings, and tattoos (SMTs) are among the various delicate biometric highlights that have demonstrated useful in regulation requirements and legal sciences. Since tattoos can give unobtrusive signs about a presumed experience and history, like posse support, strict perspectives, past convictions, and years spent in prison, criminal distinguishing proof is a fundamental application. Tattoos can likewise be utilized to distinguish the ID of a casualty's no skeletal body. This is because of the developing ubiquity of tattoos, as well as their impact on different procedures of human ID in view of vision, illness, and injury. Tattoo-ID is an independent innovation that we created to quickly and exactly match tattoo photographs. Rather than marks or catchphrases, we use highlights (like tone, shape, and surface) to register the closeness between two pictures in our substance-based picture recovery procedure. Tattoo-ID finds the top-N photographs in the data set that tastefully look like a question and shows them arranged by similarity to the client. The matching module's component extraction and likeness measure could both benefit from 'client criticism' or 'inclination' in light of recovered photographs. Tattoo-ID utilizes class and subclass marks to stay up with the latest with current regulation authorization practice. As such, as a component of the request, a client can give both the tattoo picture and related ANSI/NIST classification data. Our present procedure removes unmistakable 'key points' from a tattoo picture and addresses the picture utilizing descriptors (vectors) related with the focus utilizing scale-invariant component change. The descriptors of two photographs are then contrasted with performing coordinating. There are 64,000 tattoo pictures in the Tattoo-I'D framework. The data set contains central issues taken from these photographs (Bălan). Clients give a tattoo picture with discretionary subordinate data, for example, names and the area of the tattoo on the body all through the coordinating and recovery processes. The Tattoo-I'D framework may be incredibly valuable in catching lawbreakers and recognizing casualties, given the quick rising use of tattoos for casualty and suspect ID in legal sciences and regulation requirements. In spite of the framework's solid recovery execution, matching incredibly distorted and boisterous pictures (like those with nonuniform lighting and obscuring) remains a huge trouble. As far as such requests, our drawn-out objective is to upgrade the framework. Therefore, we're investigating more significant elements and more solid picture coordination. Calculations to further develop search speed are additionally being explored. A tattoo is a plan engraved on the skin that can be utilized to recognize a non-skeletonized individual or a specimen who is acting like another person. Inking is remembered to have begun in Egypt around 2000 B.C. what's more, has since spread all over the planet. Tattoos are worn by a wide scope of individuals these days, from design models to notable crooks and gangsters. The examples are essentially as different as individuals who wear them; names of friends and family and images are both famous to communicate participation in an association. Tattoos should be possible for entertainment or have an evil importance; for instance, prisoners have been inked with numbers before, especially in inhumane imprisonments. The presence of such private recognizing qualities could distinguish anyone with a tattoo known to their family or companions. At the point when tattoo marks are eliminated or distorted in any capacity, issues with ID might create. The discoveries show that specific more seasoned inks hold sufficient metallic substance to be seen on a radiograph, and that infrared light might be utilized to show dormant ink staying present in the skin after laser evacuation, as well as to recognize a unique tattoo from a later "conceal" tattoo. In a legal setting, infrared photography and radiography have been shown to increment tattoo perceivability (Brookes & Thompson). At the point when a pathologist does a post-mortem examination, the individual will check for and record tattoos similar to some other distinctive imprints on the body, like scars or skin pigmentations. The tattoo's arrangement and type are the distinctive qualities. A tattoo is shaped by infusing shadings or inks into needle-produced piercings. Separating a tad of the shading and submitting it to research facility assessment is one strategy for recognizing the body. Strategies like nuclear ingestion spectroscopy and slight layer chromatography might be utilized to distinguish the colors, and they can be followed back to a solitary tattoo craftsman (Austin). Regardless of whether the body has been hacked or in any case harmed, relatives might know about the presence of a tattoo, which might be used as a distinctive trademark with regards to distinguishing a carcass. Two angler snatched a shark off the bank of Sydney, Australia, in 1935, and shipped it to a little aquarium, where the monster continued to spew a human arm (Al-Qaysi, Hammood & Tawfeeq). The leg hoped to have been cut by a blade, forestalling the chance of a shark assault. It seemed like the body had been taken apart and tossed into the water. A striking tattoo portraying two fighters settling for a session was spotted on the arm. Thus, the casualty was recognized as James Smith, an ex-fighter with a criminal history. The tattoo was distinguished by his significant other, and unique finger impression proof checked the ID. Suspects were captured, however the guard battled that regardless of whether the arm had a tattoo and fingerprints, there was lacking proof to convict. The case was named the "Shark Arm Murder." As per insights, people with social behavioral conditions are more inclined to perpetrate violations and have tattoos than everybody. Albeit the reason for this is obscure, the tattoo could fill in as an important method for distinguishing these people. For sure, assuming wrongdoers released themselves early into unexpected difficulty, their tattoos might be utilized to distinguish them. An ex-name, convict's road name, or the name of a friend or family member is every now and again inked on his body. In the event that he has a firearm, he might show it off with a tattoo of the weapon. Tattoos might be related to group and criminal culture. For certain individuals, getting a tattoo is both an indication of having a place and a method for scaring others. Tattoos recognize a few groups. The CALGANG information base in California monitors posse tattoos. This is a helpful instrument for a specialist tattoo on a body associated with being the survivor of a gangland killing or other comparable wrongdoing. To conclude a data set with approximately 372,000 tattoo records has recently been created in Florida. These were found during a pursuit of convicts doing time in state prisons. Any specialist who finds a tattoo on a suspect or their body may now scan this data set for a match. A tattoo may not be sufficient verification of distinguishing proof all alone, yet it very well may be fundamental when found with regards to the whole request. Work Cited Al-Qaysi, Wafaa W., Mohammad K. Hammood, and Eqbal Naji Tawfeeq. "Analytical Methods for the Identification of Pigments in Tattoo Inks and Some of Their Physiological Side Effects: A Review." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 18.2 (2022): 161-175. Austin, Anne. "Identifying red ink tattoos using DStretch®: imaging a papal tattoo identified on the arm of a man in the Burns collection." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14.1 (2022): 1-6. Bălan, Lăcramioara. "Criminalistic human identification from scar and tattoo marks." European Journal of Law and Public Administration 7.1 (2020): 61-67. Brookes, Georgina Kate, and Tim Thompson. "The impact of personal perception on the identification of tattoo pattern in human identification." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 64 (2019): 34-41. Mass Fatality Incident Planning and Preparation in Montgomery County, Ohio DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Methods of Human Identification PLS 4440 Chapter 1 Forensic Human Identification: An Introduction Robert L. Hunkeler III, MFS Overview Introduction The Role of the Forensic Geneticist DNA Structure The Human Genome DNA Polymorphisms Used in Forensic Genetics Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats Overview Presentation of DNA Evidence DNA Databases Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Lineage Markers Future Developments Introduction Introduced in 1985 by Sir Alec Jeffreys Certain regions of DNA highly variable between individuals Analysis of these regions produced a “DNA fingerprint” now called a DNA “profile” Originally applied to paternity testing Introduction First criminal prosecution on January 22, 1988 Identified Colin Pitchfork as suspect in rape/murder of two teenage girls In 1992, used to confirm identity of skeletal remains in Argentina as Josef Mengele All developed countries use DNA Many countries have national DNA databases The Role of the Forensic Geneticist Involved in a variety of cases Identification of material from a crime scene Identification of human remains Paternity testing Role is to extract DNA from biological material and generate a DNA profile Once compared, provide a statistical evaluation of the data DNA Structure “Blueprint of life” Carries hereditary information Basic building block is the nucleotide Composed of three chemical groups Sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous base Nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine Double-stranded molecule held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases: adenine/thymine; cytosine/guanine DNA Structure Base pair (bp) is the basic unit of measurement for DNA fragments The Human Genome Defined as genetic complement of a living organism Human genome contains 3,200,000,000 bp of information Organized onto 23 chromosomes Humans contain two sets of chromosomes One set from each parent for 46 total Regions of DNA that encode and direct synthesis of proteins are called “genes” The Human Genome DNA is found in nearly all cell types with the exception of red blood cells DNA Polymorphisms Used in Forensic Genetics Approximately 99.5% of DNA is identical between individuals Short Tandem Repeats (STR) Range in size from 100 – 350 bp Small size make them highly amenable to profiling poor quality DNA samples that are often all that is available in forensic casework Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats Collection of Biological Evidence Crime Scene Sources Blood, semen, hair, feces, saliva, touch DNA Human Remains Sources Teeth, bones, muscle, skin, hair Suspect and Reference Samples Buccal swabs, venous blood Suspect – pulled hairs Artifacts – hair brushes, tooth brushes, razors Analysis of Short Tandem Repeats