#Assignment – 1 You are to write a simple C program that will take a decimal number and a base as command line arguments and output the decimal number in that specified base. For example: $ ./conv 13...

I need help with the assignment from C programming. I have attached the required files below. In fact, I need help with two assignments (A0 & A1). Please let me know if you would be able to do? The deadline is Dec 17 10am (72 hrs) for both.I was not able to attach make file for second assignment(A1). I can email you that file via email.


#Assignment – 1 You are to write a simple C program that will take a decimal number and a base as command line arguments and output the decimal number in that specified base. For example: $ ./conv 13 2 1101 $ ./conv 236709 8 716245 $ ./conv 1352275 11 843A91 $ ./conv 38572856 64 2J9Cu $ ./conv 3232236286 256 192.168.2.254 $ ./conv Usage: conv $ ./conv 11111 65 INVALID BASE (This is just example output, you should test against as many possible inputs as you can.) Your program should be able to handle all bases from 2 to 64 and 256. It must have 4 defined functions: * int main(int argc, char *argv[]) (every C program must have this) * void other_base(unsigned decimal, unsigned base) (for bases that are not a power of 2 or 256) * void power2_base(unsigned decimal, unsigned base) (for bases that are a power of 2 but still not 256) * void base_256(unsigned decimal, unsigned base) (for base 256 only) Call only one of these functions during the execution of your program using the criteria given in parenthesis above. Submit only the following files: * Your conv.c source code file Attempt to handle errors. See the example output for cases where no arguments are provided or an invalid base is given. Never trust user input. Use a buffer of 32 characters. This will give you 31 locations for characters and the final location should be a null. Remember: you have to put the digits into the buffer backwards and when the algorithm is finished, you have to printf() from the correct location in that buffer. ## Converting Integers to Characters Think about how to use this character array: char *ascii = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz+/"; The character '1' is _not the same_ as the number 1. If you need to know which numeric values correspond to which on screen characters, look at man ascii in your terminal. ## Division & Modulo This algorithm is suitable for any base that is not a power of two and is not base 256 (other_base() function). Let's see an example of converting the decimal number 29 into base 5. How many different values are there for base 5: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. So you should expect all of our digits to be one of those numbers. Get the first digit by calculating the remainder of 29 / 5: __5 5| 29 25 ___ 4 The result of 29 / 5 is 5 with a remainder of 4. There is a special operator for this in almost all programming languages: % (modulo) operator. This will give the remainder instead of the quotient. 29 % 5 = 4 This is the first digit (ones digit) of the base 5 number. To continue, you start from the quotient of this operation. Division in C is integer division (just like in Java), so the remainder is discarded when you do: 29 / 5 = 5 Now, continue with the algorithm: __1 5| 5 5 ___ 0 The result of 5 / 5 is 1 with a remainder of 0. 5 % 5 = 0 This is the second digit (fives digit) of the base 5 number. 5 / 5 = 1 The algorithm continue until this division results in 0: __0 5| 1 0 ___ 1 Now we have a remainder of 1 and the result of the integer division is 0. The number 29 in base 5 is 104. ## Mask & Shift This algorithm is suitable for any base that is a power of two and is not base 256 (power2_base() function). What if you are trying to convert the number 7 into base 4? How many bit patterns are there for base 4: 00, 01, 10 and 11 which is 0, 1, 2 and 3. Let's see how masking works: 0111 = 7 & 0011 = 3 __________ 0011 = 3 You've "masked off" the first digit, which is 3, by using the & (bitwise AND) operator. Now you can shift those bits to the right using the >> (bitwise RIGHT SHIFT) operator like so: 7 >> 2 = 01 And continue with the algorithm: 01 = 1 & 11 = 3 ________ 01 = 1 The number 7 in base 4 is 13. ## Base 256 This algorithm will only be used for base 256 (base_256() function). It will involve using both previous algorithms. Since this is a power of 2, mask & shift must be utilized. However, the values you get will be numbers between 0 and 255. The ascii character array doesn't have that many different characters in it, so instead you will represent base 256 numbers in the same format as IP addresses: 172.16.1.255 Each place value is separated by a '.' character (period, dot). The division & modulo algorithm will be used to calculate each digit of the decimal number for each place value. In the above example, the ones place shows the number 255 which would have been calculated using mask & shift from the input number. Then that value needs to be placed in the buffer as a three digit decimal number by using the division & modulo algorithm. ## Submission Format Submit your solution as a file called conv.c along with a makefile that will compile it and output an executable called conv. ## Automated Tests ## The automated tests for this assignment are the following: **Compilation** This test will simply test that your program builds when make is called. **Invalid Input** Your program should be able to handle cases where invalid input is passed to the program. In general, it is good practice to never trust user input. You should catch the following cases: **No Input** If the program is run without any command line arguments, your program should detect it and report it by printing "Usage: ./conv ". Print this string exactly. Also, make sure your program exits with a non-zero exit code. The exit code is set when you return in the main function. Example: $ ./conv Usage: ./conv **Invalid Base** If the user supplies a number for the base argument that is outside our supported range of 2-64 + 256, report it and exit with a non-zero exit code. Print "INVALID BASE" exactly. Example: $ ./conv 12345 77 INVALID BASE $ ./conv 67890 1 INVALID BASE **Invalid Number** If the user supplies a non-number argument to the argument, print "INVALID NUMBER" exactly and exit with a non-zero exit code. Example: $ ./conv nan 14 INVALID NUMBER **Power of 2 bases** This test will test specifically bases 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. You should handle these bases specially in your program with the mask and shift method detailed above. **Base 256** This test will test specifically base 256. **All Bases** This test will test all other bases not tested above, possibly with some overlap (that is, base 4 might still get tested here too).