Signature Laboratory Experiment: Muscle Physiology and Fatigue Pre-Lab Questions: 1. How do skeletal muscle cells generate force? 2. How do the skeletal muscle cells produce most of the ATP they need...

I just need the first part of the attached assignment completed. Part one effect of temperature on muscle contraction.


Signature Laboratory Experiment: Muscle Physiology and Fatigue Pre-Lab Questions: 1. How do skeletal muscle cells generate force? 2. How do the skeletal muscle cells produce most of the ATP they need to fuel their contractions? 3. What role does oxygen play in the process of muscle contraction? 4. How is oxygen supplied to the muscle tissue? 5. What happens when skeletal muscle cells are using oxygen more quickly than it can be resupplied? Materials: · Spring-type clothespin · Timer (you can use your phone) · graph paper · ruler · dishpan of ice water Procedure: PART ONE: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON MUSCLE CONTRACTION 1. Hypothesis: Read through the procedure for part one. Create a hypothesis of what you think will occur. How do you expect your baseline data to differ from your cold data? Explain your reasoning and use APA name-year style citations if necessary. 2. Using your “off” hand, count the number of times you can open and close a clothespin in 30 seconds. Hold the clothespin between your thumb and index finger and hold your other fingers out straight. Try to do so as many times as you can in 30 seconds. Be sure to open and close the clothespin completely each time. Record your data in the following table as the first baseline trial. 3. Shake out your hand and allow your fingers to rest for a few seconds. Then repeat the 30 second operation with the same hand and same technique. Record your data. 4. Calculate the average of the two baseline trials. Record the average in the table. 5. Now prepare an ice water (record the temperature if you have can). Submerge your hand in an ice water bath for 30 seconds or as long as comfortable. 6. After one minute, remove your hand from the ice water bath and immediately count the number of times you can open and close the clothespin in 30 seconds. Be sure to use the same technique throughout this exercise. Record your data in the following table as the first cold trial. 7. Shake out your hand and allow your fingers to rest for a few seconds. Then repeat the 30 second operation with the same hand and same technique. Record your data. 8. Calculate the average of the two cold trials. Record the average in the table. PART TWO: EFFECT OF SUSTAINED EXERCISE 9. Hypothesis: Read through the procedure for part two. Create a hypothesis of what you think will occur. How do you expect your data to change over time (through all ten trials)? Explain your reasoning and use APA name-year style citations if necessary. 10. Now using your dominant hand, count the number of times you can open and close a clothespin in 30 seconds. Hold the clothespin between your thumb and index finger and hold your other fingers out straight. Try to do so as many times as you can in 30 seconds. Be sure to open and close the clothespin completely each time. Record your data in the following table as the first dominant hand trial. 11. Repeat the 30 second operation again 9 more times with the same hand and record your data with each successive trial. DO NOT STOP TO REST any longer than it takes to record your data. Again, be sure to use the same technique (fingers only) throughout this exercise. 12. Construct a line graph of your results for part two with the vertical axis being labeled “number of contractions” and the horizontal axis being labeled “number of trials”. 13. Answer the post-lab questions, using complete sentences. Conduct a Google Scholar search, use books from the library, and refer to your textbook to help you answer the questions. Make sure to include in-text citations when you refer to information from one of these sources in your writing. 14. Use the answers for the questions to help you write two conclusion paragraphs to summarize your findings and interpret your results. Data: PART ONE PART TWO “Off” hand baseline trial # Number of contractions Dominant hand trial # Number of contractions 1 1 2 2 Total: 3 Baseline average: 4 5 6 7 “Off” hand cold trial # 8 1 9 2 10 Total: Cold average: Ice water temperature: _______ F /or °C.    Graph: (Draw a rough-draft of your graph for part 2 in the space below) Post-lab Questions: 1. What effect did the cold temperature have on the action of your hand muscles? Explain why. Was your prediction supported by the data? 2. Describe the shape (no need to explain why) of your line graph in as much detail as possible. 3. Examine your graph. Explain why the number of contractions changed over time (through all ten trials). Was your prediction supported by the data? 4. Did your hand/finger muscles experience a burning sensation during any parts of this lab? Explain why this occurred when it did and why it didn’t occur when it didn’t. 5. Explain why muscles must use lactic acid fermentation instead of cellular respiration during intense physical activity. 6. For how long can muscles rely solely on lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP? 7. Explain why muscles require a period of rest after intense physical activity. Conclusions: Part One: Using your answers to the seven questions above, what kind of conclusions can you draw from your results that either backs or repudiates your hypothesis for part one of the experiment. Please write a paragraph to explain. Use APA name-year style citations to back up your claims. · Use the space below to jot down a rough draft of your final paragraph. Part two: Using your answers to the seven questions above, what kind of conclusions can you draw from your results that either backs or repudiates your hypothesis for part two of the experiment. Please write a paragraph to explain. Use APA name-year style citations to back up your claims. · Use the space below to jot down a rough draft of your final paragraph. Literature Cited: Use the space below to jot down the resources you used to complete your research for this project. You need at least two resources to get full credit. Turn in a typed report that includes: · An introductory paragraph · Use the pre-lab questions as a guide to get you started. · Use parenthetical APA style name-year citations. · Your hypothesis for part 1 · Your hypothesis for part 2 · Your data · Your line graph · Conclusions for part 1 · Use the post-lab questions as a guide to get you started. · Use parenthetical APA style name-year citations. · Conclusions for part 2 · Use the post-lab questions as a guide to get you started. · Use parenthetical APA style name-year citations. · A literature cited section · An APA style list of the resources you referred to in your writing. Your report will be graded on the following criteria: Attribute Points Introductory paragraph · Language is clear and appropriate (5 pts) · Background information is discussed (5 pts) · APA citations are used (5 pts) Hypothesis part 1 · Hypothesis is included (5 pts) · Hypothesis is justified (5 pts) Hypothesis part 2 · Hypothesis is included (5 pts) · Hypothesis is justified (5 pts) Data · Data is reported (5 pts) Graph · Graph is included (5 pts) · Graph is properly labeled (5 pts) Conclusions part 1 · Hypothesis is interpreted (5 pts) · Conclusions are drawn (5 pts) · APA citations are used to justify conclusions (5 pts) Conclusions part 2 · Hypothesis is interpreted (5 pts) · Conclusions are drawn (5 pts) · APA citations are used to justify conclusions (5 pts) Literature cited · Literature cited is included (5 pts) · Proper APA style is used (5 pts) · All references cited in the report are included in literature cited (5 pts) · At least 2 references are cited (5 pts) Other instructions: Violation of academic integrity or of the following stipulations will be grounds for receiving a grade of zero on this assignment and will result in further administrative consequences. · This report must be an example of your own work. Any plagiarism, copying and pasting, or resubmission of another student’s work is prohibited. Please refer to the Vernon College Student Handbook for clarification if needed. · Use of paraphrasing websites and software is strictly prohibited. · This assignment is the intellectual property of Vernon College and is not to be copied or uploaded elsewhere on the internet. 2