IDENTIFICATION OF METABOLITES IDENTICAL AND SIMILAR TO DRUGS AS CANDIDATES FOR METABOLIC ENGINEERING (1250 words)
Table of Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….3
Background, significance and innovation……………….……………………………………4
Project design and methods……………………………………………………………………5
Benefits…………………………………………………………………………………………6
References……………………………………………………………………………………….9
Introduction
Natural compounds play as an ingredient as major active source in pharmaceutical industries along with their metabolic identical derivatives, which covers up to 50% small molecules drugs for approval. These drug manufacturing caters high financial value in terms of the profit potential it generates. Nowadays natural compound widely utilizes in drug discovery and development, despite the fact that most of pharmaceutical industries put their efforts in identification of new active identical synthetic compounds with help of advanced screening methods combinatorial chemistry libraries. Most of natural compounds are secondary metabolites which can be isolated from different source like bacteria, yeast, fungus and marine organisms (Sinatti, Gonçalves & Romão, 2019).
Secondary metabolites are used as high value chemical source which shows important pharmaceutical properties. Secondary metabolites worked as powerful bioactive activities in human body. (Manivasagan, 2014) Some plants secondary metabolites plays similar role in human defence system like antimicrobial or antioxidants properties for protection against bacterial, fungus, viral and other microorganisms. Most of the plant secondary metabolites are toxic to human but in low dose they play significant role for example analgesia or tumour cells reduction.
These natural compounds are difficult to synthesis artificially that’s why prefers to extract in natural sources. Because of their high value importance it prefers them to engineer biosynthetically. It is really tough to completely synthesis of secondary metabolite due to their complex structure. There are lots of complication in extraction of natural compounds, firstly they produced in low amount and it is difficult to extract them that’s why modern techniques like biosynthesis will utilizes for metabolic engineering of microorganism for large sum production of active drug molecules or active drug ingredient.
For metabolic engineering many molecular biology tools have been in scopes which mostly are genetic engineering tools like TALEN (Transcription activator-like effector based nucleases), CRISPER/CAS9 (cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and Zinc Finger nucleases. DNA synthesis and sequencing tools uses for cost reduction. With the help of all above mentioned techniques now it is possible to design efficient model for drug metabolic pathway which utilizes microorganism into tiny cell factories and able to produce large quantity of active pharmaceutical products (Wink, 2015). With the help of it is possible to produce compounds like isoprehoidartemisinin, many...