Microsoft Word - N1548 A2 TAP XXXXXXXXXXdocx 1 N1548 International Financial Management Assessment Period: May/June 2020 (A2) Duration: 24 hour Take-Away Paper Candidates should attempt ALL questions...

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Microsoft Word - N1548 A2 TAP 2019-20.docx 1 N1548 International Financial Management Assessment Period: May/June 2020 (A2) Duration: 24 hour Take-Away Paper Candidates should attempt ALL questions in Section A and Section B Instructions: 1) The paper will available from: Wednesday 27 May at 10am (UK time) 2) The deadline for submitting the exam is: Thursday 28 May at 10am (UK time) 3) The exam is an individual work, carried out upholding the values of academic integrity. 4) Information on where to find material that can be used: You should rely on your own knowledge when answering the questions. All assumptions and information needed for the questions are provided in this paper, DO NOT access the internet for help with your answer or to get additional information. 5) Information on where to write the answers: The answers should be typed in Microsoft Word, clearly stating which question you are attempting. 6) Information on word count: For some answers a word limit is indicated; this limit does not include equations and graphs. 7) Information on equations: Equations should be typed using Microsoft Word. 8) Information on format of submission: Submit a MICROSOFT WORD version of the exam paper using the appropriate link on Canvas. 9) To address any queries related to the text of the exam contact the School Office: [email protected] between 10am and 12pm UK time on the day the TAP is released. Only queries received during this time will be looked at. • Please use the email address above and do not contact the convenor directly, this is to replicate as best as possible the examination setting and to guarantee fairness to everyone. Responses will be made available to all students at the same time via the Announcements page on the relevant Canvas module sites. • In the unlikely event that the query has not been answered by 2pm (UK time) then the query will go unanswered. This is to maintain consistency & fairness across all modules. Please therefore remember to check the announcements page for any important updates. If you wish to ensure your question is addressed, please ensure you read all questions through thoroughly as the TAP is released so that you can submit any questions during the 10am-12pm UK time query window. If you experience IT issues, you will need to send a screenshot of your issue and submit it to IT via their help system http://www.sussex.ac.uk/its/help/ 2 Section A [60 marks] Case study: British Powerful Material It is Friday evening, April 1st 2017. Ramon Sanchez, assistant treasurer at the British Powerful Material (BPM), sits in his office in Liverpool Street, London. It’s the weekend, Ramon and his partner have a dinner reservation with another couple at the Shard at 8pm. “I must get this hedging note done as soon as possible”, thinks Ramon. Foreign exchange options? I had better get the story right before the CFO starts asking questions. Let’s see, I am facing crucial decisions related to two situations: one is to hedge a dividend receivable due on October 1st, from the subsidiary BPM Germany. The other is to hedge our upcoming payment to the Korean Company Matsukwon for their spring wireless rooters’ statement (July 1st). With the Korean Won at 1420KRW/GBP and appreciating, I’m glad we haven’t covered the payment so far, but now I’m getting nervous and I would like to protect ourselves. A decision to buy Won on July 1st might be just the thing, but it’s a very critical decision”. Before we discuss the financial situation, let us learn a bit about BPM. British Powerful Material is a £10 billion sales company engaged in, among other things, the development, production, selling and marketing of technology equipment. Although 30 percent of the firm’s sales are currently abroad, the firm has full-fledged manufacturing facilities in four foreign countries: Germany, Australia, Argentina and South Africa. An assembly plant in India exists primarily to solder Korean Rooter boards onto circuit boards and to screw these into Argentinian-made boxes for shipment to South Africa, Australia, and Germany. The German subsidiary has developed half of its sales to France, the Netherlands, and Italy, billing in euros. BPM Germany has accumulated a cash reserve of EUR1,080,000, worth GBP900,000 at today’s exchange rate. BPM has an automatic permission from BPM Germany to repatriate EUR2,000,000 by October 1st. BPM has an agreement to buy 30,000 Wireless Rooter boards at KRW90,000 each semi-annually, and it is this payment that will fall due on July 1st. The classic means of hedging foreign exchange are forward and future contracts. These however, are fixed obligations and inviolable. In many cases, there is a good chance that cash inflows or outflows won’t materialise for different reasons.In such cases, what is needed is somehow the right, not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific 3 currency at a specific price, and this is what an option precisely provides. There are surely other means to hedge including using the money market or swap markets, but each has its own features and could be suitable depending on the scenario a hedger is facing. Returning to Ramon, we find that he has printed a lot of financial information from the markets through the Bloomberg Terminals, and could be summarised as follow: Table 1: Currency Spot rates: GBP/EUR 1.20 GBP/USD 1.34 EUR/USD 1.11 GBP/AUD 1.96 GBP/ARS 6.61 GBP/ZAR 23.40 GBP/KRW 1420 GBP/INR 95.33 Table 2: Forward rates 1month GBP/EUR 1.24 GBP/USD 1.33 EUR/USD 1.14 GBP/KRW1400 2months GBP/EUR 1.26 GBP/USD 1.32 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW1380 3months GBP/EUR 1.28 GBP/USD 1.30 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW1360 6months GBP/EUR 1.30 GBP/USD 1.28 EUR/USD 1.12 GBP/KRW1340 7months GBP/EUR 1.32 GBP/USD 1.28 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW1320 Table 3. PUT option: premium is 1.5% Note: The option is always applicable on the unit currency and premium is paid with the unit currency. For example, for a put or call option with GBP/USD1.28 the option premium is paid in GBP for selling or buying the GBP. 1month GBP/EUR 1.22 GBP/USD 1.34 EUR/USD 1.15 GBP/KRW1410 2months GBP/EUR 1.24 GBP/USD 1.33 EUR/USD 1.14 GBP/KRW1400 3months GBP/EUR 1.26 GBP/USD 1.32 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW 1380 6months GBP/EUR 1.38 GBP/USD 1.30 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW1360 7months GBP/EUR 1.30 GBP/USD 1.28 EUR/USD 1.12 GBP/KRW1340 4 Table 4. Call options: premium is 2% Note: The option is always applicable on the unit currency and premium is paid with the unit currency. For example, for a put or call option with GBP/USD1.28 the option premium is paid in GBP for selling or buying the GBP. CALL options 1month GBP/EUR 1.28 GBP/USD 1.33 EUR/USD 1.15 GBP/KRW1410 2months GBP/EUR 1.30 GBP/USD 1.32 EUR/USD 1.14 GBP/KRW1410 3months GBP/EUR 1.32 GBP/USD 1.31 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW 1390 6months GBP/EUR 1.34 GBP/USD 1.31 EUR/USD 1.13 GBP/KRW1370 7months GBP/EUR 1.36 GBP/USD 1.28 EUR/USD 1.12 GBP/KRW1360 Table 5: Money Market rates of each country: UK 1month 3.4% 2months 3.7% 3months 4% 6months 4.3% 7months 5% US 1month 3.1% 2months 3.3% 3months 3.5% 6months 3.7% 7months 3.9% EU 1month 4.1% 2months 4.3% 3months 4.5% 6months 4.8% 7months 5.1% India 1month 5.1% 2months 5.4% 3months 5.7% 6months 6.1% 7months 6.3% South Korea 1month 4.2% 2months 4.25% 3months 4.40% 6months 4.63% 7months 4.99% Table 6: Yearly Inflation rates of each country (applicable for the next 5 years) • UK: 2.4% • US: 1.8% • Germany: 2% • South Korea: 1.4% • India: 3.8% • South Africa: 3.4% • Argentina: 2.6% 5 Table 7: BPM’s financial information: - Revenue of the year 2017: £10 billion - Total value: £20 billion - Equity value: £7 billion - Required return on equity: 13% - Cost of debt: 8% - Corporate tax: 17% - Average Income tax in the UK: 21% Questions Please answer the following questions to assist Mr. Ramon in his analysis of currency hedging for his report to the Finance department of the company: 1. Analyse and compare the different hedging strategies to hedge the exposures from the expected transactions of Germany and South Korea. You must provide detailed calculations for ALL HEDGING TECHNIQUES that you may think are relevant. (Currency Swap calculation is not required in this question). [20 marks] 2. Identify which hedging technique is most suitable for Ramon’s cases. You must provide precise interpretation to defend the chosen tools. While doing so, explain why the other technique(s) are not suitable. [10 marks] 3. Ramon is now considering a currency swap arrangement to manage the exposure from the
Answered Same DayMay 27, 2021

Answer To: Microsoft Word - N1548 A2 TAP XXXXXXXXXXdocx 1 N1548 International Financial Management Assessment...

Kushal answered on May 28 2021
144 Votes
Section A British Powerful Material
Question 1
There are four hedging options available for BPM.
1. Money Market hedging
2. Forward agreements
3. Currency Options
4. Currency swaps
However, we will not look into the detailed calculations of the currency swaps here and we will focus only on the first three options for the calculations.
BPM Germany to transfer 2,000,000 Euros to BPM UK after 6 months –
1. Mon
ey Market hedge –
Money market hedge tries to lock in the current exchange rate adjusted for the money market rates. This is the basis of the interest rate covered parity and the effective transaction happens for the arbitrage free rate prevailing after the 6 months.
6 months money market rates –
UK – 4.3%
Germany – 4.8%
Cash flows -
We will borrow Present value of 2,000,000 to be received after 6 months and this will be straight away converted into the GBP and put into deposit for the current interest rates prevailing in the markets.
2,000,000 / 1+ 2.4% =
The GBP at the current rate would be amounting to,
1,953,125 / 1.2 = 1,627,604
This will be deposited at the current 6 month rate of 4.3%
This will yield –
1,627,604 * (1 + 4.3% / 2) = 1,662,597
.
2. Forward Market hedging -
Here the German subsidiary will transfer 2,000,000 on July 1st and BPM UK will convert it into GBP. However, if Euro depreciates in that duration then BPM UK will receive lesser GBP for the same amount of euros since the euro worth will be less.
We need to check what is the current price of the forward rate for the GBP / EUR. This will be a lock in rate and the rate at which the conversion form EUR to GBP will happen. If the rate is lesser than 1.3 then BPM UK stands to lose on this agreement since it could have used the open markets to covert for more GBPs. However if the rate is above 1.3 then the BPM UK stands to gain on this transaction.
GBPs converted = 2,000,000 / 1.3 = 1,538,462 GBP
3. Hedging Option – 2 Call option on GBP / EUR
If the forward rate for GBP /EUR increases then the firm stands to lose. In order to make sure this does not happen, BPM UK can buy a right to buy the EUR at a predetermined price which is called a strike price. For 6 month duration this price is 1.34.
The premium is paid in GBP which is 2%. EUR / GBP rate is 1 / 1.34 = 0.746
2% of this will be = 0.746 * 2% = 0.015 GBP
The premium charged here for 2,000,000 = 0.015 * 2,000,000 = 29,840 GBP
Now when the options are exercised,
The GBP received by the firm will be,
= 2,000,000 / 1.34 – 29,840 = 1,462,697
South Korea hedging –
BPM UK will have to pay the Korean subsidiary the amount of 2,700,000,000 KRW for the circuit boards on 1st July that is 3 months after the current date. This will require the conversion of GBP into KRW and if the KRW appreciates in this time then more GBP will be needed to get the same amount of 2,700,000,000.
1. Money Market hedging
3 months money market rates –
UK – 4%
Korea – 4.4%
Cash flows -
We will borrow Present value of 2,700,000,000 to be paid after 3 months and this will be straight away converted into the GBP and put into deposit for the current interest rates prevailing in the markets.
PV = 2,700,000,000 / (1 + 4.4% /4) = 2,670,623,145.4
The GBP at the current rate would be amounting to,
2,670,623,145.4/ 1420 = 1,880,720.52
This will be deposited at the current 6 month rate of 4%
This will yield –
1,880,720.52* (1 + 4% / 4) = 1,899,527    
2. Hedging Using forward Contracts –
This will be the locked in rate at which the transaction from the GBP to KRW happen. If the rate falls below the 1360 three months forward rate then the firm tends to gain since lower pounds will be used. However, the higher rate will lead to more pounds outflow.
The three months forward rate – 1360
The GBP needed = 2,700,000,000 / 1360 = 1,985,294
3. Hedging Option – 2 Put option on GBP / KRW
Since we stand to lose if GBP/KRW goes below we will choose to get into an put option contract so that we can set the price at which we will sell the GBPs.
KRW / GBP for the premium calculation = 1.5% * 1 / 1380 = 1.086 * 10^ -5
Total premium for 2,700,000,000 = 1.086 * 10^ -5 * 2,700,000,000 = 29,322
Conervsion at the price of...
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