Answer To: Microsoft Word - N1548 A2 TAP XXXXXXXXXXdocx 1 N1548 International Financial Management Assessment...
Kushal answered on May 28 2021
Section A British Powerful Material
Question 1
There are four hedging options available for BPM.
1. Money Market hedging
2. Forward agreements
3. Currency Options
4. Currency swaps
However, we will not look into the detailed calculations of the currency swaps here and we will focus only on the first three options for the calculations.
BPM Germany to transfer 2,000,000 Euros to BPM UK after 6 months –
1. Money Market hedge –
Money market hedge tries to lock in the current exchange rate adjusted for the money market rates. This is the basis of the interest rate covered parity and the effective transaction happens for the arbitrage free rate prevailing after the 6 months.
6 months money market rates –
UK – 4.3%
Germany – 4.8%
Cash flows -
We will borrow Present value of 2,000,000 to be received after 6 months and this will be straight away converted into the GBP and put into deposit for the current interest rates prevailing in the markets.
2,000,000 / 1+ 2.4% =
The GBP at the current rate would be amounting to,
1,953,125 / 1.2 = 1,627,604
This will be deposited at the current 6 month rate of 4.3%
This will yield –
1,627,604 * (1 + 4.3% / 2) = 1,662,597
.
2. Forward Market hedging -
Here the German subsidiary will transfer 2,000,000 on July 1st and BPM UK will convert it into GBP. However, if Euro depreciates in that duration then BPM UK will receive lesser GBP for the same amount of euros since the euro worth will be less.
We need to check what is the current price of the forward rate for the GBP / EUR. This will be a lock in rate and the rate at which the conversion form EUR to GBP will happen. If the rate is lesser than 1.3 then BPM UK stands to lose on this agreement since it could have used the open markets to covert for more GBPs. However if the rate is above 1.3 then the BPM UK stands to gain on this transaction.
GBPs converted = 2,000,000 / 1.3 = 1,538,462 GBP
3. Hedging Option – 2 Call option on GBP / EUR
If the forward rate for GBP /EUR increases then the firm stands to lose. In order to make sure this does not happen, BPM UK can buy a right to buy the EUR at a predetermined price which is called a strike price. For 6 month duration this price is 1.34.
The premium is paid in GBP which is 2%. EUR / GBP rate is 1 / 1.34 = 0.746
2% of this will be = 0.746 * 2% = 0.015 GBP
The premium charged here for 2,000,000 = 0.015 * 2,000,000 = 29,840 GBP
Now when the options are exercised,
The GBP received by the firm will be,
= 2,000,000 / 1.34 – 29,840 = 1,462,697
South Korea hedging –
BPM UK will have to pay the Korean subsidiary the amount of 2,700,000,000 KRW for the circuit boards on 1st July that is 3 months after the current date. This will require the conversion of GBP into KRW and if the KRW appreciates in this time then more GBP will be needed to get the same amount of 2,700,000,000.
1. Money Market hedging
3 months money market rates –
UK – 4%
Korea – 4.4%
Cash flows -
We will borrow Present value of 2,700,000,000 to be paid after 3 months and this will be straight away converted into the GBP and put into deposit for the current interest rates prevailing in the markets.
PV = 2,700,000,000 / (1 + 4.4% /4) = 2,670,623,145.4
The GBP at the current rate would be amounting to,
2,670,623,145.4/ 1420 = 1,880,720.52
This will be deposited at the current 6 month rate of 4%
This will yield –
1,880,720.52* (1 + 4% / 4) = 1,899,527
2. Hedging Using forward Contracts –
This will be the locked in rate at which the transaction from the GBP to KRW happen. If the rate falls below the 1360 three months forward rate then the firm tends to gain since lower pounds will be used. However, the higher rate will lead to more pounds outflow.
The three months forward rate – 1360
The GBP needed = 2,700,000,000 / 1360 = 1,985,294
3. Hedging Option – 2 Put option on GBP / KRW
Since we stand to lose if GBP/KRW goes below we will choose to get into an put option contract so that we can set the price at which we will sell the GBPs.
KRW / GBP for the premium calculation = 1.5% * 1 / 1380 = 1.086 * 10^ -5
Total premium for 2,700,000,000 = 1.086 * 10^ -5 * 2,700,000,000 = 29,322
Conervsion at the price of...