I have the power point, in case they help you
Microsoft Word - H09-new.docx Hmwk – C09 Astronomy-1002 Name ___________________ Astronomy 11 Feb 18 1 Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. When given a choice in the form [a / b], pick one by circling. Hints will occasionally be given in parentheses (hint). List of possible answers on last page may be used once, twice, or not at all. 1. The various non-visible regions of the "interior" of the Sun (from the inside moving outward) are: the ________________, 2. … & the ________________, 3. … & the ________________, 4. … & the ________________. 5. The various visible regions of the "surface" & the "atmosphere" of the Sun (from the inside moving outward) are: the ________________, 6. … & the ________________, 7. … & the ________________, 8. … & the ________________, 9. … & the ________________. 10. The radiative zone is [liquid-like / solid-like], 11. … & the convective zone is [liquid-like / solid-like]. 12. Most of the Sun's light - as seen by us - is generated within the _____________. 13. The study of the vibrating surface patterns in the photosphere is called ____________. 14. The smaller pattern of hot convective cells rising & falling in the photosphere is called __________. 15. The larger pattern of hot convective cells rising & falling in the photosphere is called ____________ - ____________. 16. While convection cells manifest themselves as granules & super-granules within the photosphere, their true origin is within the ____________ zone. 17. Sunspots are caused by bundles or tubes of ____________ field lines pushing upward & downward through the photosphere. 18. The (insert a number) ________ year solar cycle includes both peaks in sunspot numbers and the magnetic polarity reversals. (not the solar cycle) 19. The ____________ Minimum refers to a period of sustained solar inactivity from 1645 until about 1715 (it caused the Little Ice Age). 20. A long-lived loop or sheet of gas hanging above an active region of the Sun is a ____________. Hmwk – C09 Astronomy-1002 Name ___________________ Astronomy 11 Feb 18 2 21. A solar ____________ is a short-lived, sudden, violent eruption. 22. Compared to the underlying photosphere and chromosphere, the corona is [colder / hotter] in temperature. 23. While the photosphere produces chiefly visible light, most coronal EM energy is in the form of ____________ (pick a region of the EM spectrum). 24. The solar corona appears to be heated by both ____________ waves, 25. … & ____________. 26. When material from the corona breaks free & blows away, it is called a _______ _______ _______. 27. In which region of the Sun, is the Sun's magnetic field generated? ________ (location of magnetic dynamo) 28. Fusion depends upon the fundamental force called the ____________ ____________ force which causes protons to stick together. 29. The transformation of protons into neutrons (or neutrons into protons) depends upon the fundamental force called the ____________ ____________ force, (it also involves neutrino emissions). 30. There are nine particles involved in hydrogen P-P chain fusion within the Sun's core (8 are types of matter, & 1 is a type of EM photon). These are: ____________, 31. … & ____________, 32. … & ____________, 33. … & ____________, 34. … & ____________, 35. … & ____________, 36. … & ____________. 37. … & ____________, 38. … & ____________. 39. The only particle we can directly observe coming out of the Sun's core is the ___________. 40. The delicate balance at any & all points within a star between the inward pull of gravity & the outward push of thermally driven gas pressure is called ___________ ___________. 41. The total electromagnetic power emitted by a star is called its ______________. 42. The portion of our Sun's luminosity that reaches the Earth (before it goes through our atmosphere) is called the ______________ ______________. Hmwk – C09 Astronomy-1002 Name ___________________ Astronomy 11 Feb 18 3 43. The Solar Constant is approximately ____________ watts/meter2. 44. One Solar Luminosity is approximately ____________ watts. 45. At its current rate of consuming hydrogen, the Sun can stably shine for a grand total of about ____________ ____________ years. (add or remove “s” from answers as needed) ************************************************************************************* 500 watts/meter2 1400 watts/meter2 400 watts/meter2 tachocline 4 × 1026 watts 4 × 1030 watts five billion years ten billion years core positrons electrons photosphere He3 He4 transition zone corona convective magnetic 11 22 44 88 maunder flare x-rays spicules coronal mass ejection tachocline strong nuclear solar wind super-granulation neutrons chromosphere helioseismology weak nuclear protons neutrinos gamma-rays convective zone neutrino hydrostatic equilibrium luminosity granulation solar constant radiative zone prominence magnetic fields deuterium Microsoft Word - H10-new.docx Hmwk – C10 Astronomy-1002 Name ___________________ Astronomy 11 Feb 18 1 Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. When given a choice in the form [a / b], pick one by circling. Hints will occasionally be given in parentheses (hint). List of possible answers on last page may be used once, twice, or not at all. 1. When an object is viewed from two different places, the apparent angular shift relative to a distant background is called the ______________. 2. If parallax observations are made on opposite sides of the Earth's orbit - 6 months apart, then the diameter of the Earth's orbit will be called the ______________. 3. Applying a wee bit of trig to the measurements for the parallax & the baseline can be used to compute the distance to a nearby star. This direct method is called ____________ ____________. 4. If a star has a parallax of .1", then the distance to the star in parsecs is ______________. 5. The Doppler Effect is used to determine the [radial / transverse] velocity of a star. 6. The Proper Motion is used to determine the [radial / transverse] velocity of a star. 7. The True Velocity is obtained by combining the perpendicular radial velocity & the transverse velocity using the ______________ ______________. 8. The total electromagnetic power emitted by a star is called its ______________. 9. Apparent Brightness is the luminosity divided by the ______________ of a spherical bubble enclosing the star (a bubble whose radius equals your distance to the star). 10. The ______________ magnitude is apparent brightness re-expressed on the magnitude scale that was started by Hipparchus. 11. The ______________ magnitude of a star is its apparent magnitude recalculated to the value that would be measured if the star were seen from 10 parsecs away. 12. The ______________ brightness of a star is its apparent brightness recalculated to the value that would be measured if the star were seen from 10 parsecs away. 13. The approx. value for the absolute magnitude of the Sun is ______________. (number) 14. The ______________ ______________ Diagram plots stellar temperature vs luminosity. 15. The star's ______________ plays THE dominant role in determining its main sequence position, luminosity, temperature, & life-span. 16. Where along the main sequence on the H-R diagram are the majority of stars that shine most brightly in the night? [top / bottom], … 17. … & [left / right]. 18. Stars on the main sequence, like our own Sun, are all converting __________ into helium. Hmwk – C10 Astronomy-1002 Name ___________________ Astronomy 11 Feb 18 2 19. Spectral classes are related to [stellar size / stellar temperature]. *********************************************************************************** 20. Match spectral class with their colors: O ________________, 21. … & B ________________, 22. … & A ________________, 23. … & F ________________, 24. … & G ________________, 25. … & K ________________, 26. … & M ________________. *********************************************************************************** 27. Match spectral class with their temperatures: O ________________, 28. …& B ________________, 29. …& A ________________, 30. …& F ________________, 31. …& G ________________, 32. …& K ________________, 33. …& M ________________. *********************************************************************************** 34. What single color are most of the stars within 5 pc to the Sun? ______________ 35. ______________ Class is used to distinguish between stars on the main sequence from those that are not on the main sequence. (i.e. they are somewhere else on the HR diagram). 36. A star's ______________ parallax is found by studying its spectral lines to get its temperature & luminosity class, & then plotting it on the HR diagram. 37. ______________ ______________ is determined by matching up a star's position on the HR diagram to the diagonal lines that correspond to