For the Results section, you will provide descriptive statistics and run hypothesis tests, correlation strength tests, and effect size tests at a minimum including each variable for which data has...

I have attached the requirements and an example and I have also attached another file with the data called socioeconomic status and education.


For the Results section, you will provide descriptive statistics and run hypothesis tests, correlation strength tests, and effect size tests at a minimum including each variable for which data has been collected. The results will be analyzed and explained according to the formatting instructions. For the Discussion, you will summarize the findings, discuss the practical implications of the findings, examine the limitations of the research, and propose directions for future research. The below is an example of how it should be. My data is about socioeconomic status and how it affects education. The professor suggested Chi-square for hypothesis test, Cramers v for correlation, and Lambda for effects size. RESULTS General Formatting of the Results Section EXAMPLE 1: Interval/Ratio data – Descriptives, Pearson’s r, Coefficient of Determination, Regression Data was collected to determine the relationship between sleep and a student’s grade point average. The main independent variable was the number of hours of sleep a student gets and the main dependent variable was the student’s overall grade point average. Other variables were also factored in with the exploration of this data. Hours of Sleep * GPA Statistics R's hours of sleep R's GPA N Valid 20 20 Missing 0 0 Mean 6.95 3.32 Median 7.00 3.30 Mode 6 3 Std. Deviation 1.538 .384 Range 6 1 R's hours of sleep Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 4 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5 2 10.0 10.0 15.0 6 6 30.0 30.0 45.0 7 3 15.0 15.0 60.0 8 5 25.0 25.0 85.0 9 2 10.0 10.0 95.0 10 1 5.0 5.0 100.0 Total 20 100.0 100.0 The average number of hours of sleep for the class was 6.95 hours with a standard deviation of 1.54. The median hours of sleep was 7 hours of sleep and the mode was 6 hours of sleep. The range of the responses was a total of 6 hours, from 4 to 10 hours. R's GPA Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 2.7 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.8 1 5.0 5.0 10.0 2.9 2 10.0 10.0 20.0 3.0 2 10.0 10.0 30.0 3.1 1 5.0 5.0 35.0 3.2 2 10.0 10.0 45.0 3.3 3 15.0 15.0 60.0 3.4 1 5.0 5.0 65.0 3.5 2 10.0 10.0 75.0 3.7 2 10.0 10.0 85.0 3.8 1 5.0 5.0 90.0 4.0 2 10.0 10.0 100.0 Total 20 100.0 100.0 The mean or average GPA was 3.31 with a standard deviation of 0.38 grade points. The median and modal GPA was also 3.3. The range of the GPA responses comprised 1.3 grade points from 2.7 to 4.0 grade points. EXAMPLE 2: Pearsons’ r, Coefficient of Determination, and Regression Symmetric Measures Value Asymptotic Standard Errora Approximate Tb Approximate Significance Interval by Interval Pearson's R .714 .083 4.323 .000c Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .717 .104 4.364 .000c N of Valid Cases 20 a. Not assuming the null hypothesis. b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c. Based on normal approximation. For the relationship between hours of sleep and grade point average, the result produces the following data: r = 0.714; df = 19; p < 0.05="" here,="" the="" p-value="" for="" the="" association="" is="" 0.000="" (0.00045),="" meaning="" there="" is="" less="" than="" a="" 1="" in="" 1,000="" chance="" that="" the="" distribution="" could="" have="" been="" the="" result="" of="" random="" forces.="" as="" such,="" we="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" that="" there="" is="" no="" relationship="" between="" hours="" of="" sleep="" and="" gpa.="" there="" is="" a="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" between="" the="" independent="" and="" dependent="" variable.="" the="" r-value="" of="" 0.714="" indicates="" a="" strong="" relationship="" between="" hours="" of="" sleep="" and="" gpa.="" the="" coefficient="" of="" determination="" (r2)="" is="" 0.51.="" this="" means="" that="" 51%="" of="" the="" variation="" in="" the="" dependent="" variable="" is="" due="" to="" variation="" in="" the="" independent="" variable.="" about="" 49%="" of="" the="" variation="" in="" the="" dependent="" variable="" is="" due="" to="" other="" variables="" than="" the="" independent="" variable,="" per="" the="" coefficient="" of="" non-determination.="" the="" relationship="" between="" sleep="" and="" gpa="" yields="" the="" above="" scatterplot="" graph="" along="" with="" a="" line="" of="" best="" fit="" that="" produces="" a="" regression="" equation="" of="" ŷ="2.08" +="" 0.18x.="" coefficientsa="" model="" unstandardized="" coefficients="" standardized="" coefficients="" t="" sig.="" b="" std.="" error="" beta="" 1="" (constant)="" 2.076="" .293="" 7.079="" .000="" r's="" hours="" of="" sleep="" .178="" .041="" .714="" 4.323="" .000="" a.="" dependent="" variable:="" r's="" gpa="" the="" standard="" error="" for="" the="" regression="" equation="" is="" 0.293.="" in="" predicting="" the="" dependent="" variable="" based="" on="" the="" independent="" variable,="" the="" approximate="" range="" of="" values="" for="" the="" resulting="" ŷ="" value="" will="" be="" ŷ="" +/-="" 0.293.="" so,="" if="" the="" student="" reported="" getting="" 12="" hours="" of="" a="" sleep="" a="" night,="" the="" predicted="" gpa="" for="" that="" student="" would="" be="" 2.08="" +="" 0.18(12)="Ŷ" +/-="" 0.293="3.947" to="" 4.533.="" example="" 2:="" ordinal="" data="" –="" descriptives,="" spearman’s,="" kendall’s="" tau="" sleep="" satisfaction="" *="" class="" rank="" statistics="" r's="" sleep="" satisfaction="" rating="" r's="" class="" rank="" n="" valid="" 20="" 20="" missing="" 0="" 0="" median="" 2.00="" 2.50="" mode="" 2="" 1a="" range="" 3="" 3="" a.="" multiple="" modes="" exist.="" the="" smallest="" value="" is="" shown="" r's="" sleep="" satisfaction="" rating="" frequency="" percent="" valid="" percent="" cumulative="" percent="" valid="" very="" satisfied="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 25.0="" satisfied="" 6="" 30.0="" 30.0="" 55.0="" dissatisfied="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 80.0="" very="" dissatisfied="" 4="" 20.0="" 20.0="" 100.0="" total="" 20="" 100.0="" 100.0="" with="" regard="" to="" the="" variable="" sleep="" satisfaction,="" the="" median="" sleep="" satisfaction="" rating="" was="" 2,="" indicating="" that="" most="" students="" were="" “satisfied”="" with="" the="" amount="" of="" sleep="" they="" were="" getting.="" the="" modal="" value="" was="" also="" that="" the="" students="" were="" “satisfied”="" with="" their="" sleep.="" however,="" the="" responses="" ranged="" from="" “very="" dissatisfied”="" to="" “very="" satisfied”="" with="" 25%="" of="" respondents="" each="" indicating="" they="" were="" “very="" satisfied”="" and="" “dissatisfied”="" along="" with="" 20%="" of="" respondents="" indicating="" they="" were="" “very="" dissatisfied.”="" r's="" class="" rank="" frequency="" percent="" valid="" percent="" cumulative="" percent="" valid="" freshman="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 25.0="" sophomore="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 50.0="" junior="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 75.0="" senior="" 5="" 25.0="" 25.0="" 100.0="" total="" 20="" 100.0="" 100.0="" there="" was="" an="" even="" distribution="" of="" class="" rank,="" with="" 25%="" of="" the="" students="" being="" in="" each="" of="" the="" categories="" from="" freshman,="" to="" sophomore,="" to="" junior,="" to="" senior.="" as="" such,="" the="" median="" class="" rank="" was="" sophomore="" to="" junior.="" symmetric="" measures="" value="" asymptotic="" standard="" errora="" approximate="" tb="" approximate="" significance="" ordinal="" by="" ordinal="" kendall's="" tau-b="" .201="" .154="" 1.303="" .193="" kendall's="" tau-c="" .200="" .153="" 1.303="" .193="" spearman="" correlation="" .257="" .195="" 1.126="" .275c="" interval="" by="" interval="" pearson's="" r="" .251="" .191="" 1.102="" .285c="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" a.="" not="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" b.="" using="" the="" asymptotic="" standard="" error="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" c.="" based="" on="" normal="" approximation.="" in="" examining="" the="" relationship="" between="" class="" rank="" and="" sleep="" satisfaction="" ratings,="" we="" find="" the="" following="" test="" statistics="" values:="" ρ="0.257;" p="">< 0.05="" here,="" the="" p-value="" is="" reported="" at="" 0.275,="" meaning="" that="" there="" is="" a="" 27.5%="" chance="" that="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" is="" true="" and="" random="" forces="" could="" have="" led="" to="" the="" distribution="" seen.="" as="" such,="" one="" would="" fail="" to="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" assert="" that="" there="" is="" no="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" between="" one’s="" class="" rank="" and="" their="" sleep="" satisfaction.="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" is="" in="" accordance="" kendall’s="" tau-b="" because="" the="" categories="" make="" a="" 4x4="" square.="" the="" τb="0.201," meaning="" that="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" between="" the="" independent="" and="" dependent="" variables="" is="" negligible.="" example="" 3:="" t-test="" with="" kendall’s="" tau="" class="" rank="" *="" gpa="" in="" examining="" the="" differences="" between="" juniors="" and="" seniors="" with="" regard="" to="" gpa,="" we="" find="" the="" following="" test="" statistic="" data:="" t="-0.544;" df="8;" p="">< 0.05="" the="" p-value="" for="" the="" difference="" between="" juniors="" and="" seniors="" with="" regard="" to="" gpa="" is="" p="0.601." this="" means="" that="" there="" is="" a="" 60.1%="" chance="" that="" the="" differences="" are="" due="" to="" random="" forces.="" this="" means="" one="" must="" fail="" to="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" assert="" that="" there="" is="" no="" statistically="" significant="" difference="" between="" juniors="" and="" seniors="" with="" regard="" to="" gpa.="" symmetric="" measures="" value="" asymptotic="" standard="" errora="" approximate="" tb="" approximate="" significance="" ordinal="" by="" ordinal="" kendall's="" tau-c="" .007="" .221="" .030="" .976="" spearman="" correlation="" .012="" .250="" .050="" .961c="" interval="" by="" interval="" pearson's="" r="" -.042="" .240="" -.177="" .861c="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" a.="" not="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" b.="" using="" the="" asymptotic="" standard="" error="" assuming="" the="" null="" hypothesis.="" c.="" based="" on="" normal="" approximation.="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" between="" class="" rank="" and="" gpa="" is="" in="" accordance="" kendall’s="" tau-c="" because="" the="" categories="" make="" a="" 4x12="" rectangle.="" the="" τc="0.007," meaning="" that="" the="" strength="" of="" the="" correlation="" between="" the="" independent="" and="" dependent="" variables="" is="" negligible.="" example="" 4:="" nominal="" data="" –="" chi-squared="" test,="" cramer’s="" v="" ethnicity="" *="" sleep="" satisfaction="" chi-square="" tests="" value="" df="" asymptotic="" significance="" (2-sided)="" pearson="" chi-square="" 11.810a="" 9="" .224="" likelihood="" ratio="" 12.253="" 9="" .199="" linear-by-linear="" association="" 6.550="" 1="" .010="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" a.="" 16="" cells="" (100.0%)="" have="" expected="" count="" less="" than="" 5.="" the="" minimum="" expected="" count="" is="" .60.="" in="" examining="" the="" relationship="" between="" ethnicity="" and="" sleep="" satisfaction,="" we="" find="" the="" following="" test="" statistic="" data:="" χ2="11.810;" df="9;" p="">< 0.05 this results in a p-value where p = 0.224, meaning there is a 22.4% chance that the null hypothesis is a likely explanation for the relationship between the variables. as such, one fails to reject the null hypothesis and assert that there is no statistically significant relationship between ethnicity and sleep satisfaction. symmetric measures value approximate significance nominal by nominal phi .768 .224 cramer's v .444 .224 n of valid cases 20 despite the lack of association, the cramer’s v test for correlation strength indicates a weak relationship between the variables with v = 0.444. however, the cramer’s v test also indicates a lack of a statistically significant relationship with a p-value of 0.05="" this="" results="" in="" a="" p-value="" where="" p="0.224," meaning="" there="" is="" a="" 22.4%="" chance="" that="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" is="" a="" likely="" explanation="" for="" the="" relationship="" between="" the="" variables.="" as="" such,="" one="" fails="" to="" reject="" the="" null="" hypothesis="" and="" assert="" that="" there="" is="" no="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" between="" ethnicity="" and="" sleep="" satisfaction.="" symmetric="" measures="" value="" approximate="" significance="" nominal="" by="" nominal="" phi="" .768="" .224="" cramer's="" v="" .444="" .224="" n="" of="" valid="" cases="" 20="" despite="" the="" lack="" of="" association,="" the="" cramer’s="" v="" test="" for="" correlation="" strength="" indicates="" a="" weak="" relationship="" between="" the="" variables="" with="" v="0.444." however,="" the="" cramer’s="" v="" test="" also="" indicates="" a="" lack="" of="" a="" statistically="" significant="" relationship="" with="" a="" p-value="">