Answer To: IHNA_Doc_Temp_V2common disorders, problems and complaintsHLTAAP003 Analyse and respond to client...
Dr Insiyah R. answered on Sep 02 2022
common disorders, problems and complaints
HLTAAP003 Analyse and respond to client health information
common disorders, problems and complaints
Institute of Health and
Nursing Australia
Legal entity: Health Careers International Pty Ltd
ABN: 59 106 800 944
ACN: 106 800 944
CRICOS Code: 03386G
RTO ID: 21985
www.ihna.edu.au
DISEASES AFFECTING THE CNS
a. Stroke (Cerebro Vascular Accident)
Definition
Another name for a CVA is a stroke. The sudden loss of some brain cells from a lack of oxygen when an artery to the brain is blocked or ruptured, impairing blood flow to the brain.
Briefly outline the Pathophysiology
Insufficient blood supply causes an ischemic stroke to brain tissue owing to constricted or blocked arteries. Ischaemic strokes are thrombotic or embolic. Atherosclerosis narrows blood arteries by forming fatty plaques. As plaques develop, blood vessels constrict, and blood flow decreases.
List four signs
Sudden numbness of the arm or leg, confusion, loss of balance, dizziness and headache.
Nurses are required to provide a head-up position for a client with stroke. Briefly describe the impact of this nursing intervention
So that the patient won't fall into hypoxia.
b. Epilepsy
Definition
The neurological condition epilepsy is characterised by aberrant brain activity that results in seizures or episodes of strange behaviour, feelings, and even loss of consciousness.
Briefly outline the pathophysiology
Epilepsy is characterised by an imbalance in the brain's electrical cycles. In people with seizures, electrical energy bursts temporarily affect their consciousness, movements, or sensations.
List four signs
Stiffness of muscles, Uncontrollable movement of arms and legs, staring spell, and Nausea
Nurses should provide padded side rails for patients with seizures. Briefly describe the impact of this nursing intervention.
Reduce harm when recurrent or generalised seizures occur in bed.
DISEASES AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
c. Angina pectoris
Definition
Insufficient blood to the heart produces angina. Coronary artery disease causes angina.
Briefly outlines the pathophysiology
Angina develops because the heart's oxygen consumption surpasses what is given to the cardiac muscle.
List four specific signs
Heaviness, Chest pain, tightness, and Nausea.
Impact of oxygen therapy in patients with angina
Oxygen treatment is frequently started at the outset of chest discomfort to enhance myocardial oxygen and lessen pain.
d. Raynaud’s phenomenon
Definition
The issue of Raynaud's phenomenon results in less blood flowing to the fingertips. In rare instances, it also results in decreased blood supply to the nose, toes, nipples, knees and ears.
Briefly outline the pathophysiology
Blood vessel spasms are to blame for this condition. Intense cold, mental strain, or strong emotions might trigger these spasms.
List four signs
Numbness, Prickly feeling, cold fingers and toes and discolouration of the skin.
Impact of calcium channel blockers in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon
They block calcium from entering heart and artery cells. Calcium tightens the heart and arteries. Calcium channel blockers relax blood arteries by inhibiting calcium.
DISEASES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
e. Asthma
Definition
In the lungs, the airways are affected by the chronic, long-term disease known as asthma.
Briefly outline the pathophysiology
Inflammation and muscular stiffness surrounding the tiny airways in the lungs cause the airways to constrict.
List four specific signs
Chest tightness, Wheezing, Coughing and Shortness of breath.
Impact of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma
Inflammation in the airways, which is linked to asthma and its concomitant alterations in the airway vasculature, may be reduced with corticosteroids.
f. Pneumonia
Definition
When bacteria, viruses, or fungus enter the lungs, the result is pneumonia. Air sacs in the lungs become inflamed due to the infection.
Briefly outline the pathophysiology
When fluid or pus accumulates in the alveoli, it restricts airflow.
List four signs
Dry cough, Shortness of breath, mild fever and chest pain
Nurses should encourage hydration unless contraindicated. Briefly describe the impact of...