Lesson 15 assessment worksheet Task 1: Analyzing a seismogram Now it’s your turn to measure seismograph data using the seismogram below. Note that the arrival of the P waves is called 0 seconds on the...

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Lesson 15 assessment worksheet Task 1: Analyzing a seismogram Now it’s your turn to measure seismograph data using the seismogram below. Note that the arrival of the P waves is called 0 seconds on the graph to make calculating time easier for you. Seismogram of an earthquake. The P wave arrives at 0 seconds. The S waves and surface waves blend into each other because they are nearly simultaneous. Task 1: Procedure When observing the seismogram, identify the following information (1–4), and record your results in this table or a similar one. 1) Mark on the seismogram the arrival of the first P waves and S waves. 2) Measure the arrival time of the P waves and S waves. 3) Determine the S-P interval. 4) Measure the maximum amplitude of the P waves and the S waves/surface. Feature Measurement P wave arrival time (s) P wave amplitude (mm) S wave arrival time (s) S wave maximum amplitude (mm) S-P interval (s) TVO ILC Task 2: Locating and measuring an Earthquake An earthquake occurred somewhere within the area shown by the map located in eastern Canada. The three seismic stations indicated on the map recorded the data. Location of three seismic stations in an earthquake area. A highway (grey line) runs through it. Task 2: Procedure 1) You will use seismic graphs to determine the S-P interval at each of three seismic stations and then calculate their distances from the earthquake. 2) Next, you will determine the magnitude of the earthquake. 3) Finally, you will use triangulation to locate the epicentre of the earthquake on a map. To assist you in calculating the S-P interval, the start positions for the P waves and S waves are indicated. Seismogram from Station 1 Seismogram from Station 2 Seismogram from Station 3 Complete a data table Answer the following five questions by completing a table similar to this one. Measurement Seismic station 1 Seismic station 2 Seismic station 3 P wave arrival time (s) S wave arrival time (s) S-P interval Actual distance from epicentre (km) Distance on map to epicentre (cm) Surface wave maximum amplitude (mm) Magnitude Average magnitude Analyze the data for seismic stations 1, 2, and 3. a) Calculate the P wave and S wave arrival times and the S-P interval and graph them as three lines. Your graph will not look exactly like this one but it is provided to you as a reminder of how to make this type of graph. Use your own observations, not the data in this graph. Travel times of S waves and P waves and the size of the S-P interval in eastern Canada. b) Use the distance-travel time lines for the S-P interval to determine the actual distance (km) from the epicentre. c) Measure the maximum amplitude (mm) of the surface waves. d) Use the nomogram below to determine the magnitude of the earthquake. e) Calculate the average magnitude by adding all three magnitudes together and dividing by 3. Map the data Using this “Epicentre map” and its scale, determine how many centimetres are required to represent the distance from the epicentre for each station. For example, if the scale indicates that 1 cm on the map represents 20 km (therefore 1 km = 0.05 cm), then a distance of 120 km would be shown as 6 cm on the map. Location of three seismic stations in an earthquake area. A highway (grey line) runs through it. Answer analysis questions: Using the data in the table where you recorded data for the 3 stations, plot the circles on the map. 1. Where is the epicentre of the earthquake? Describe its location relative to the three stations. 2. Do all the circles on your map cross at the exact same spot? Explain why or why not. 3. Using the nomogram, determine the average magnitude of the earthquake. Task 3: The next big earthquake Accurately predicting the location, timing, and magnitude of earthquakes is an incredibly difficult task. Your task is to conduct research and theorize in general where and generally when the next big earthquake may occur in North America. Write a 1000–1250 word report justifying your theory of when and where the next big earthquake may occur in North America, and communicate your reasoning. In your reasoning and information, be sure to identify the following factors. · Plate tectonic boundaries o Boundary type(s) o Depth of focus · Historical time-series trends of the frequency in which earthquakes occur in this area · Historical magnitude of earthquakes in the area · Historical Mercalli scale of earthquakes in the area · Fault activity and characteristics · Impacts to the population (both qualitative and quantitative in terms of number of people that may be impacted) · Current infrastructure and protocol related to building codes · Suggested solutions to help prevent or mitigate damage to infrastructure · Suggested solutions to help prevent or mitigate the human destruction You must cite all of your resources (for full marks, at least five different sources). Use APA style for your sources cited page. SES4U Lesson 15 Lesson 15 assessment worksheet