Instructions for the paper 1. Write 5 critiques about the scientific paper that I have uploaded. XXXXXXXXXXBelow are the list of uncertainties I studied in the class. Sources of uncertainty about...

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Answered Same DayDec 03, 2021

Answer To: Instructions for the paper 1. Write 5 critiques about the scientific paper that I have uploaded....

Vidya answered on Dec 04 2021
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GENOMIC CHARACTERISATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS: IMPLICATIONS FOR VIRUS ORIGINS AND RECEPTOR BINDING
INTRODUCTION :
Pandemics were always a global challenge that devastated the existence of humanity. Its identification at the earliest is very essential to reduce its spread rate and also to prevent the community transmission (C
hen N, et al., 2020). The novel coronavirus disease (or) COVID-19, has put the whole world through a period of unpredictability. The six-phased approach by World Health Organization (WHO) to decide a pandemic, was also proved to be ineffective by COVID-19. The whole world has come together as a united front to fight the pandemic. In Wuhan, China, many patients presented with the symptoms of viral pneumonia that were due to an unknown microbial agent in the late December 2019. After a lot of research, the pathogenic agent (or) the causative pathogen was identified to be the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). But by the time, its intensity of spread and danger to the community was known, it already reached many other countries with a high spread rate. By January 26, 2020, the confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV infection has reached about 2000 and the spread was majorly observed among the people who were living at Wuhan (or) has visited the place. Initially, the animal- to- human transmission was suspected, but very soon, the human- to- human transmission got confirmed. From then the entire scenario of the world has changed affecting almost 200 countries by crossings the boundaries, nations and territories and stood as a pandemic (Lenore Pipes, et al., 2020).
Being a respiratory disease it mainly affects the lungs causing breathlessness, pneumonia, multi-organ failure and finally death. Mostly immuno-compromised patients are affected badly who are more prone to death. Other categories like geriatrics, paediatrics and co-morbid patients are equally prone to this virus, where the fatality rates are fluctuated from region to region. Apart from these age groups many people have lost their lives to the virus. Being a novel pandemic outbreak there is neither a proper vaccination nor an effective antiviral treatment for this disease. Taking proper precautions, avoiding physical contact, having nutrient and vitamin rich diet, staying indoors are only the preventive measures for eradicating the spread of the virus. nCovid-19 outbreak is considered as one of the fatal outbreaks in the history of the world after the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic where it was estimated that 50million people have died (D.F.Robinson, et al., 1981).
The Coronaviridae family of viruses has a single stranded, positive- sense RNA genome whose length ranges from 26 to 32 kilobases. The coronaviruses have been identified in many of the avian hosts and also among various mammals such as camels, dogs, cats, bats, mice and masked palm civets. The mammalian coronaviruses are now a commonly identified species (Lu R, et al., 2020).
CRITICAL ANALYSIS :
In this article, the epidemiological data of the patients from the hospitals in Wuhan are reported. These patients are the ones who were diagnosed with viral pneumonia with unidentified cause. The next generation sequencing of the fluid samples of bronchoalveolar lavage was used and the cultures that were isolated from these patients showed the presence of 2019-nCoV in them. The ten genomes of the novel virus were studied and their genomic characterization were specified by giving importance to their...
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